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ATOM, MODELS, DEVELOPMENT - Coggle Diagram
ATOM
ARISTOTLE'S ATOMIC MODEL
JOHN DALTON'S ATOMIC MODEL
PLUM MODEL
RUTHERFORD'S MODEL
BOHRS MODEL OF ATOM
Aristotle and Plato structure - The four Elements: earth, fire, water, air
Leucippus and his student Democritus are credited for idealizing the concept of an indivisible matter
Aristotle and Plato had more respected theory but ultimately wrong theory, the four elements: earth, fire, water and air.
John Dalton held that all atoms of element are exactly the same size and weight (
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/physics/concepts/atom/development-of-atomic-theory#:~:text=atom:%20Development%20of%20Atomic%20Theory.%20The%20atomic%20theory,,Democritus%20and%20was%20adopted%20by%20the%20Roman%20Lucretius
.)
Ernest Rutherford the first coherent explanation of the structure of atom. Using alpha particles emitted by radioactive atoms, he showed that the atom consists of a central, positively charged core, the nucleus, and negatively charged particles called electrons that orbit the nucleus (
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/physics/concepts/atom/development-of-atomic-theory#:~:text=atom:%20Development%20of%20Atomic%20Theory.%20The%20atomic%20theory,,Democritus%20and%20was%20adopted%20by%20the%20Roman%20Lucretius
.)
The model, British physicists recognized, was reminiscent of a plum pudding, a dessert adored by the British. The electrons were the negative plums embedded in a positive pudding
(
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/what-is-j-j-thomsons-plum-pudding-model.html
DEMOCRITUS STRUCTURE- Democritus knew that if you split a stone in half you will have 2 halves with essentially the same properties, but if you continue to cut the stone into smaller pieces you will eventually have a piece so small that it would be indivisible. He called these little pieces of matter"atoms". (
https://www.lifepersona.com/the-atomic-model-of-democritus-structure
...)
Bohr modified this atomic structure model by explaining that electrons move in fixed orbitals (shells) and not anywhere in between and he also explained that each orbit (shell) has a fixed energy level. Rutherford basically explained the nucleus of an atom and Bohr modified that model into electrons and their energy levels. (
https://byjus.com/chemistry/bohrs-model/#:~:text=Bohr%E2%80%99s%20Model%20of%20an%20Atom.%20Bohr%E2%80%99s%20model%20consists,electrons%20close%20to%20the%20nucleus%20have%20less%20energy
.)
Plum-Pudding Model structure- Thomson proposed that the shape of an atom resembles that of a sphere having a radius of the order of 10-10 m. The plum pudding atomic theory assumed that the mass of an atom is uniformly distributed all over the atom. The plum pudding atomic model was insufficient to explain the structure of an atom. (www.slideshare.net/jmpalero/thomsons-atomic-model)
Dalton's structure- the atomic structure comprised of atoms, the smallest particle responsible for the chemical reactions to occur. Every matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are indivisible. Specific elements have only one type of atoms in them. Each atom has its own constant mass that varies from element to element. (byjus.com/jee/atomic-structure/)
The model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, around which the light, negative constituents, called electrons, circulate at some distance. (www.britannica.com/science/Rutherford-model)
Bhors structure- a system consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons—similar to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces in place of gravity. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohr_model)
MODELS
DEVELOPMENT
