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Hardware and operating systems - Coggle Diagram
Hardware and operating systems
1.Computer language and function
When we communicate ur memonse a sentence or make calculations, we use a lot of different symbols, sounds and images.Computers only used the numbers 0 and 1. This know as the binary system
Different multiples of a byte are used to strore information
Tebibyte/ TiB/ 1024 GiB/ /// Terabyte/ TB/ 1000 GB
Mebibyte/ MIB/ 1024 kiB/ /// Megabyte/ MB/ 1000 kB
Gigibyte/ GiB/ 1024 Mib/ /// Gigabyte/ GB/ 1000MB
Kibibyte / KIB/ 1024 bytes/ /// Kilobyte/ kB/ 1000 bytes
ASCII: We give a code to each of the letters of the alphabet, and to the characters computers use, so that we can store them.
1.1. Computer funtions
We use the name hardware for the physical components os the computer system. Software or programs refer to the data and the instructions we use to manage the data.
Computers carry out four different functions:
-Input of data using peripheral devices
-Output of data using peripheral devices
-Storing data in the storage devices
-Processing data in the central processing unit (CPU), using the microprocessor and the memory
Computer elements
2.2. Memory and units of storage
-RAM: The computer's main memory is its RAM (Random access memory)
-Cache memory: RAM cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the microprocessor: the cache memory.
-ROM BIOS: When you turn on your computer, it automatically checks the system. This initial check is carried out using instructions stored in a special read-only memory: the ROM BIOS
-Storage devices: The RAM stores data temporarily. When you turn off the computer, this data disappears. We use data storage units to permanently save this data. (Magnetic disks, optical disc, solid-state memory(flash) )
2.1. Microprocessor
Computer history is very closely linked to the development of integrated circuits and chips. The micropocessor is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transistors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory.
2.3. Motherboard and connecting devices
Inside the computer you'ill find a large board; we call it the motherboard. All the other components of the computer are connected (BIOS,RAM,IDE,SATA,CPU...)
3.Software and operating systems
Operating system manages the system resources, making them aviable for use by the user and the applications. Operating system is the firts thing that appears when you turn on your computer and the last thing you see when you're turning it off
4.Windows opperating system
·Installing and uninstalling programs: We can install programs using and installation wizard that guides us through the process. A sample installation process is described in the procedures section of this unit.
·Hard disk maintenance: -Cleaning the hard disk : Over time your computer accumulates innecesary programs, you can clean your hard disk if you delete programs using the tool.
-Defragmenting the hard disk: The hard disk stores files in small blocks. Over time the contents of a file can be dispersed over many different blocks, so accesing them is slow.
-Detecting and repairing errors: We can check for errors by right-clicking on the hard disk and selecting the properties option
5.Linux operating system
-Installing and uninstalling programs: Linux uses two packages managers to help users automatically install aplications downloaded from the internet.
6.Computers networks
6.1.Elements in a network
The elemnts in a network are: adaptor or network card, hub, switch, transmission medium.
6.2.Wireless networks
Wireless network, known as WLANs, use electronicmagnetic waves to transmit data.All computers need to have a wireless network card.
A computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information.