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hardware and operating sistems - Coggle Diagram
hardware and operating sistems
computer language
units of information
megabyte(MB) = 1000 kB
gigabyte(GB)=1000MB
kilobyte(kB) = 1000bytes
terabyte(TB)= 1000GB
binary sistem
computer funcions
input
of data using peripheral devices
output
of data using peripheral devices
storing
data in the storage devices
procesing
data in the central processing unit unsing the
microprocesor
and the
memory
computer elements
microprocesor
: is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tiny transitors working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory
the
clock rate
sets the pace at witch processes are completeed, it continously generates electrical impulses. every time the
microprocessor
receives an impulse it carries out an operation
todays
microprocessors
can process 64 bits at a time
a
microprocessor
power also depends on its
cache memory
and the speed at witch ir comunicates with the
RAM
memories of unit and storage
cache memory
stores the data that the microprocesor uses most often
ROM BIOS
it checks the system when you turn on the computer
RAM
is the computers main memory, when we run an application its instructions and data are copied to this memory so that the microprocesor can use them because the hard disc is very slow
storage devices
we use it to save data permanently
optical discs
solid state memory
magnetic discs
hard discs are the most common
motherboard and connecting devices
slots
can be used to expand or add new components they can be PCI or PCI-express
the
IDE
or
ATA
and
SATA
conect the hard disk the CD drive and the DVD drive to the motherboard
the
chipset
its a number of integrated circuits that control the flow of bits to and from the motherboard, they also determinate witch tipe of microprocesor, memory and expansion cards can we use
various inupt/ output ports
conecting external devices
using an expansion slot on the motherboard to conect a
sound card
or a
graphics card
by special conectors on the motherboard for devices as the
hard disk
or
DVD drivers
using external ports on the side or the back of the computer like the
USB
software and operating systems
types of softwares
operating system
manages the system resaurces
applications
word proccesors
spreadsheets
presentations
database management tools
drawing programs
programming languages
the operating systems
opening
when we save the document the operating system looks for free space on the hard disk and tranfers the data from the memory to that space
to print click on
imprimir
and the word processor will send the command to the operating system witch send the appropiete signals tro the printer
the program is now the active application, it receives the data from the keyboard and sends instructions to the microprocesor trough the operating system
when we close the word processor the operating system delates the application from the memory, tought not from the hard disk
the operating systems finds the aplplication on the hard disk sends a copy of it to the RAM and loads it onto the screen
funcions of the operating system
manages the microprocessor
if some applications are open at the same time it calculates how much time the microprocessor should give to each one
manages the memory and storage systems
macking space avaliable for the different applications
provides an interface or working enviroment
comunication between applications and peripheral devices
windows operating system
instaling and unistaling programs
hard disk maintenance
defragmenting the hard disk
detecting and reparing errors
cleaning the hard disk
saving power
system updates
linux operating system
instaling and unistaling programs
how to keep your system update
computer networks
a set of computers connected to each other so hey can share resources and share information
metropolitan area networks
wide area networks
LANs
elements in a network
adaptor or network card
the hub
transmission medium
