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SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Eight bits together form a byte
    - - These codes consist of the figures '1' and '0'
  - - - Input of data using peripheral devices
      - Output of data using peripheral devices
      - Storing data in the storage services
      - Processing data in the Central Processing Unit (CPU) using the microprocessor and the memory
- - - - When we run an application, its instructions and data are copied to this memory so that the microprocessor can use them
    - - Faster memory installed between the RAM and the microprocessor. It stores the data that the microprocessor uses most often.
    - - Starts the operating system in the main memory, so that this system can take control of the computer.
    - - We use them to permanently save data when the computer has turned off and RAM stores it.
  - - - Used to expand or add new components (modem card, sound card, network card...)
    - - Connect the hard disk, CD and DVD drive to the motherboard.
    - - Number of integrated circuits designed to perform related functions; they control the flow of bits to and from the motherboard.
    - - Using an expansion slot on the motherboard, to connect a sound card or a graphics card.
      - By special connectors on the mother board, for such devices as the hard disk, DVD drives and so on.
- - - - Spreadsheets: Excel, Calc.
      - Presentations: PowerPoint, Impress.
      - Database management tools: Access, Base.
      - Word processors: Word, Writer.
      - Drawing programs: Paint, Paint Shop Pro, Draw.
      - Antivirus software, file compressors, web browsers, webmail software, games...
  - - - Manages the microprocessor.
      - Manages the memory and storage systems.
      - Provides an interface or working environment for the user.
      - Allows communication between applications and peripheral devices.
    - - The operating system finds the application on the hard disk, sends a copy of it to the RAM, and loads it onto the screen.
      - The program is now the active application. It receives data from the keyboard and sends instructions to the microprocessor through the operating system.
      - When we save the document, the operating system looks for free space on the hard disk and transfers data from the memory to that space.
      - The word processor will send the command to the operating system, which sends the appropiate signals.
      - When we close the word processor, the operating system deletes the application from the memory, though not from the hard disk.
- - - - The hard disk stores files in small blocks. Over time, the contents of a file can be dispersed over many different blocks, so accessing them is slow. The defragmenter puts these blocks in order.
    - - It's important to check the hard disk occasionally. We can check for errors by right-clicking on the hard disk and selecting the properties option, Propiedades. A dialogue box will then appear.
        Click on the Herramientas tab to see the tools you can use.
    - - Overtime, your computer accumulates unnecessary programs and files. You can clean your disk and delete these programs and files using the tool liberador de espacio en disco
  - - - Through Inicio > Programas > Windows Update. This takes you to Microsoft's webpage where you can select updates.
      - By activating the automatic updates tool, Actualizaciones automáticas, via Inicio > Panel de control > Rendimiento y mantenimiento > Sistema.
- - - - Añadir y quitar in the Aplicaciones menu.
      - Synaptic package management program. To open it, select Sistema > Administración
- - - - Using Internet Connection Sharing (ICS, where all communication is trough one computer that must be switched on all the time.
      - Using a router, which detects data and directs it to and from the Internet.