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The global burden of asthma - Coggle Diagram
The global burden of asthma
Economic burden
Indirect costs
Loss of productivity.
Absenteeism from school or work.
Indirect costs, in many studies, are found to be an equal burden to direct costs.
In the USA it is estimated that the total cost of asthma was $56 billion in 2007.
Direct costs
Physician vists.
Medication.
Hospitalisations.
A European study (2011) estimated that the total cost of asthma in that year was €19.3 billion among Europeans aged 15-64.
In the Asia-Pacific region, the sum of direct and indirect costs of asthma per person per year ranged from $184 in Vietnam to $1,189 in Hong Kong.
Social burden
Asthma affects 339 million people.
Asthma symptoms most commonly develop for the first time during early childhood.
The highest prevalence of children aged 13-14 was generally observed in English-speaking countries in Australasia, Europe, North America and parts of South America.
Globally, asthma is ranked 16th among the leading causes of years lived with disability and 28th among the leading causes of burden of disease.
Measuring the burden of asthma
Consequently, it imposes a high lifetime burden not only on those that are affected but also on carers, family and the community.
Asthma has a global distrubution with a relatively higher burden of disease in Australia and New Zealand, some countries in Africa, the Middle East and South America, and north-western Europe.
Asthma takes effect much earlier in life than other chronic diseases, and is also something they have to live with for the rest of their lives.
The disability-adjusted life year (DALY)
It combines morbidity and mortality in a single measure that can be used to compare the overall health and life expectancy of different countries.
The higher the DALY, the higher the number of healthy years lost and the poorer quality of life overall; asthma sufferers may die young or have their education, career (and earning potential) seriously curtailed by ill health.
A measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death.
Asthma in the USA
In 2010, 18% of stays in hospital for children were asthma related, compared to just 13% for adults.
Almost 30% of African American in-patient hospital stays were asthma related compared to just under 9% for white patients.
Of the 1 in 14 Americans that suffer with asthma (7.4% of adults and 8.6% of children), 45% reported having an asthma attack in the last year.
Asthma was the cause of 3651 deaths in 2014 -- 10 people each day
Rate of asthma and asthma attacks is highest among Puerto Ricans. Ethnic differences in asthma prevalence, morbidity and mortality are highly correlated with poverty, urban air quality, indoor allergens and inadequate medical care.
The overall cost to the US economy is huge -- estimated at $56 billion (2012). Impact is felt in terms of medical costs (medication, hospitalisationn) but also in terms of the indirect cost of work absenteeism.