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HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS: - Coggle Diagram
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS:
Computer language and function:
Computers only use 0 and 1. This is known as the binary system.
The smallest unit of information we can store is called a bit (b). Eight bits together form a byte (B).
ASCII
ASCII (the American Standard Code for lnfonrmation Interchange) uses 7 bits to store up to 128 different characters.
Computer functions:
We use the name Hardware for the physical components of the computer.
Software or programs refer to the data and the instructions we use to manage the data.
Input of data using peripheral devices. Output of data using peripheral devices.
Storing data in the storage devices. Processing data in the central processing unit (CPU), using the microprocessor ant the memory.
Computer elements:
Microprocessor
The microprocessor is an integrated circuits made up of millions of tiny transitors working together.
The clock rate sets the pace at which processes are completed.
Todays microprocessors can process 64 bits at a time.
A microprocessor's power also depends on its cache memory and the speed at which it communicates with the RAM.
Memory and units of storage:
RAM:
The computer's main memory is the RAM (Random access memory).
When we run an application, it's instructions and data are copied to this memory so that the microprocessor can use them.
Cache memory:
A much faster memory is installed between the RAM and the microprocessor; the cache memory.
It stores the data that microprocessor usually uses.
ROM BIOS:
This initial check is carried out using instructions stored in a special read-only memory: ROM BIOS.
Storage devices:
Magnetic discs; optical discs; and solid-state memory.
Motherboard and connecting systems:
Inside the computer there is a large board. That's the motherboard.
In this board you find slots (with PCI); the IDE or ATA; and the chipset.
Connecting external devices:
We can use an expansion slot to connect a sound card; Use special connectors like hard disk or DVD drives; and use the external ports of the computer.
Software and operating systems:
Operating system: Manages the system resources. Applications: Word processors; Sperad sheets; Presentations; Data base; and drawing programs.
Programming languages: These programs can be used to create other programs.
The Operating System:
The operating system provides a working environment that makes it easy to access all the various applications.
Functions: Manage the microprocessor; Manage the memory and storage systems; provides an interface; and allows communication between applications and peripheral devices.
Windows operating system:
Installing and uninstalling programs.
Hard disk maintenance
Saving power
System updates
Linux operating system:
Installing and uninstalling programs
Linux uses two package managers to help users automatically install aplications.
How to keep your system up to date
Computer networks:
Three categories: local area network (LAN's); metropolitan area network (lots of LAN's); and wide area networks (covering a continent).
LAN's can be connected in Linear, Star or Ring.
Elements in a network
All computers needs an adaptor or network card; a hub (that distributes data); and a transmission medium.
Wireless networks:
Also known as WLAN's, use electromagnetic waves to transmit data. Networks with a combination uses wireless access points (WAP).
