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Trace Evidence, alcohol and blood concentraion BAC, Analysis by, Paint, is…
Trace Evidence
Forensic Chemistry Analysis
Glass
Limestone
Sand (Silica)
Soda Ash
Forensic significance
Types of Fracture
Direction of Impact
Sequence of Impacts
Measured by
Thermal history
includes
Laminated glass
layers of plastic and glass
Annealed glass
refers to the Cooling of a molten glass very slowly
GRIM
crushed glass in silicone oil
Forensic Engineering
product failure
determine cause of failure
Mode of Failure
Mechanism of Failure
collision reconstruction
forensic pathology
Paint Analysis
composition
compositions of components
number of layers
colour
appearance
forensic analysis of paint
primers
A preparatory coating that is painted onto a surface
polarized light
light waves that have been filtered to only vibrate along one plane.
limitations
usage to narrow down search
cannot definitively declare a match
Gunshot Residue (GSR)
Primer
barium nitrate (oxidizer)
detected by
SEM-EDX
positve result
means
3 more items...
negative result
means
4 more items...
XRAYS
GSR collection kit
4 stubs are collected per suspect
Limitations
be used for firing angle
distance determination
associate specific types of guns or ammunition
antimony sulfide (fuel)
lead styphnate (a shock sensitive explosive)
Pyrotechnic devices
airbags
Fire Debris and Explosives Analysis
fire debris analysis
oxidation of a fuel with the evolution of heat and light
combustion
Detonation
This reaction is slower than explosive reactions
Deflagration
Explosion
High Explosives
commercial/military
4 more items...
Low explosives
Homemade Explosives (HME)
2 more items...
Propellants
1 more item...
accelerant
types of accelerants
volatile ignitanle liquids
gasoline
varsol/paint cleaner
include
acetone/ethanol
include
leads to fire debris or explosive
packing to submit
mason jars
specialty nylon bags
eye dropper/pipet
nylon bags
recommend for explosive components
laboratory analysis
headspace analysis
The air-space that is present above/around a contained sample that is in a glass vial or mason
jar
1 more item...
Spectroscopy
Identify chemicals such as explosives
are
Chromatography
identify volatile components within ignitable liquids
Scientific Tools
1 more item...
are
GC-MS
identify the components of
a gaseous sample
1 more item...
LC-MS
Fire Triangle
Oxygen, fuel, heat source
Explosives Services and Examination
Exothermic (release heat)
produce gas (The gas produced expands)
heat produced by the reaction
Oxidation reactions
rust
Toxicology
pharmacology
pharmacokinetics
pharmacodynamics
Drugs and posion
human body
Blood
drugs can diffuse from the blood to the stomach
analyzed by
biological autolysis
Clotting
concentration of drugs
various sites of blood
central sites
heart
peripheral sites
femoral
lliac
subclavian
head
hematoma blood
urine
stomach contents
analyzed by
visual examination
reveal the number of pills
establish intent
establish postmortem
give info about type of pill
liver
qualitative
vitreous humor
the fluid within the eye
analyzed
concentration of the vitreous
blood
and
ratio
effects of the drug
the individual at the time of death
absorption
distribution
eliminiation
kidney
filters
analyzed
pool sample
high concentration of drugs
limitations
make interpretations of persons state
note that the drug was in system
Alcohol is eliminated by the liver
Alcohol distributes throughout the body
Occurs rapidly by diffusion
ligands
metabolized
drug is chemically altered
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate
Alcohol
Ethanol (drinking)
Mass spectrometry
technique use to identify compounds based on the their mass-to-charge ratio
Mass analyzer
Used to separate gaseous ions based on m/z
Ionization
then
Imparting a charge (+/-) onto a compound
Detector
then
measure magnitude/abundance of ionized compound/fragment and amplifies signal
Ionize your compounds of interest
explosives, component within an ignitable liquids
impaired driving
analysis
Headspace analysis
Gas chromatography
analysis of volatile compounds
detects
2 more items...
quantifies
2 more items...
breath testing
alcohol in the breath
BBR(Blood Breath Ratio)
1 more item...
motor coordination
slurred speech
slower brain process
CNS depressant
Physical Evidence and Microscopy
FTIR microscope
can observe chemicals within subject matter
Stereomicroscope
dissecting and sorting microscope
Scanning electron microscope
electrons to birng object into focus
Forensic Biology
Bodily fluid
salivia
examined
SCREENING
DNA anaysis
blood
Kastle-Meyer Test
saliva
Phadebas Test
presumptive
DNA testing
Quantification
Amplification
3 more items...
DNA extraction
1 more item...
if sufficient proceed
1 more item...
Limitations of the DNA profile/STR
tell us about the last person to touch the item
tell us whether it is a frequent user of that item
not enough amount of sufficient DNA for testing
tell us the Race
Physical characteristics
visual
ALS
CrimeLite
Microscope
blood
semen
semen
Brentamine fast blue test
• Confirm whether it is semen or not using P30 or PSA
sweat
alcohol and blood concentraion BAC
Intoxilyzer 8000c
infrared light
measures the amount of alcohol present
Analysis by
Paint
is a form of
spectrometry
particulate removal using
swabs
can be analyzed
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MATTHEW ALFONZO
1005460396