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Why has the HoL grown in significance? - Coggle Diagram
Why has the HoL grown in significance?
Membership
Party Composition
Conservatives: 263
Crossbench: 184
Labour: 182
Lib-dems: 87
DUP/Green/UUP: 9
Total: 805 peers
hereditary peers: 85
Bishops: 26
Life peers: 694
Diversity
Gender (Men:Women)
Labour 120:62
Lib-dem 55:32
Crossbench 137:47
DUP/Green/UUP 7:2
Conservatives 195:68
Bishops 21:5
Ethnicity
White: 94%
Ethnic Minorities: 6%
Age (Median)
Labour: 69
Lib-dem: 68
Crossbench: 71
Other: 70
Conservatives: 70
Bishops: 64
Powers
Salisbury Convention: The Lords will not block legislation included in the winning parties manifesto.
Revisory Chamber: offering amendments to make legislation as practical as possible
Parliament Act 1949: Can delay bills for one parliamentary session
E.g. there have been 70 government defeats in the Lords since 2017, with an average of 42.3 defeats a year post 2000 compared to 23.5 pre-2000
2005: super casinos
2008: Detention of terror suspects for 42 days
2001: hunting with hounds
2017: EU withdrawal agreement
2020: Internal markets bill
Extension of Parliament: can veto Commons if they want to extend the life of a Parliament beyond 5 years
Parliament Act 1911: HoL will not interfere with financial bills
E.g. HoL has no influence on the annual budget
Parliament Acts do not prevent Lords from vetoing secondary legislation
Functions
Legislation
Parliament Acts + Salisbury Convention
Providing expertise (e.g. life peers)
Srutiny
Committee work (e.g. House of Lords Delegated powers Committee)
Debate
Raising profile of issues (e.g. killing of Palestinians on Gaza Strip by Israeli military forces 2018)