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9th Grade Biology - Coggle Diagram
9th Grade Biology
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Vitamins
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Vitamin B
water-soluble vitamins
proteins such as fish, poultry, meat, eggs, and dairy products
Vitamin B deficiencies are beri beri, pellegra and anemia.
Vitamin D
present in some foods, Fatty fish such as salmon, tuna, and
mackerel, dairy products
İs important for muscles to move, nerves to carry messages between the brain and every
body part, and the immune system to fight off bacteria and viruses.
People who get too little vitamin D may develop soft, thin, and brittle bones, a condition known
as rickets in children, in old ages may lead to osteoporosis.
The body makes vitamin D when skin is directly exposed to sun, and most people meet at least
some of their vitamin D needs this way.
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Vitamin A
Plays an important role in vision, bone growth, reproduction, immunity, cell development, and
skin health.
Found in eggs, liver, fortified milk, cheese, leafy green vegetables -such as spinach, turnip greens
and lettuce. .
deficiency symptoms include night blindness, not proper bone and cell developmen
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Vitamin K
found in green leafy vegetables, such as spinach, turnip greens,
Vitamin K is known as the clotting vitamin, because without it blood would not clot
Vitamin E
found in many foods such as vegetable oils like sunflower, olive, corn and
soybean oils .Nuts such as peanuts, hazelnuts, almonds and seeds like sunflower seeds
In the body, it acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free
radicals. Free radicals are compounds formed when our bodies convert the food we eat into energy.
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Proteins
Protein is the most essential molecules to maintain the structure and function of all living organisms. Composed of C, H, O, N and sometimes S,
P atoms.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids. Each protein consists of a polymer of amino acids,
which is folded into a specific three-dimensional shape.
Functions
Transport: The protein channels in the cell membrane allow the passage of some molecules
and ions. Also, hemoglobin in RBC carries oxygen in blood.
Regulatory /Control): Some hormones like insulin, or growth hormone are proteins in nature,
which have specific effects on the activity of certain target organs.
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