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DNA structure - Coggle Diagram
DNA structure
Types
Holliday Junction
Forms when two double-stranded DNA molecules become separated into four strands to exchange segments of genetic information. (facilitate genetic exchange)
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- A mobile, cross shaped junction that forms during the process of recombination.
- Compact stacked-X forms, with antiparallel alignment of the DNA strands
- Held together by hydrogen bonds
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Function: for DNA recombination, DNA replication, DNA repair (e.g. double stranded break can be repaired via formation of 2 holliday junctions) and some infection processes.
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DNA Hairpin
- formed by a fold in a single strand of DNA, causing several bases to remain unpaired before the strand loops back upon itself
- only possible if the strand of DNA contains the complimentary bases in correct sequence to those that appear earlier in the strand
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Function: Plays a role in transcription termination in prokaryotes. Signals to RNA polymerase to stop transcription.
Hairpins can fold on the single-stranded DNA formed by the discontinuous replication of the lagging strand.
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DNA structures most commonly have Watson-Crick base pairing (A+T, G+C)
