Group 4 - Immunity
Major Divisions
Types of Immunity
Immune Response
Cells Involved
B- Cells
Macrophages
Dendritic Cells
T- Cells
Cytokines
NK Cells
Passive
Active
Antibodies produced by another person to protect an individual from infectious disease.
Antibodies produced by one's own body to protect against infectious disease.
Naturally
Acquired/Artificial
Immunization
Naturally
Acquired
Antibodies from a mother passed through the placenta to the developing fetus.
Injecting a person with antibodies against a microorganism
Humoral Immunity
Cell-mediated Immunity
Can recognize foreign cells and destroy them without having to go through a system check first
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Matures in thymus, mainly responsible for cell-mediated immunity and modulates humoral immunity
T-Suppressor Cell
T- Cytotoxic Cell
T-helper cell
T-Memory Cell
Enhances antibody response
Carries CD8 cell receptor and suppresses function of B Cell
Carries CD8 receptor, acts as surveillance and directly attacks
Retains memory of antigen
Develops in stem cells in bone marrow and is mainly involved in humoral immunity
Plasma Cell
B-Memory Cell
Produces immunoglobulins, which are proteins that serve as antibodies in response to antigens
Retains memory of antigen and duplicates itself in clonal selection with memory of the antigen
Communicating cells- Signally proteins that affect the behavior of other cells
White blood cells that acts as an antigen
Acts as a link between innate and acquired immunity
Presents in tissue that is in contact with external environments (skin, mucosa)
Functions in both inflammatory and immune responses
Do not have memory
Assists both T & B cells during immune response
Antibody mediated immunity
B-cell lymphocytes are the main cell involved
Responsible for protection against pathogens
Cellular immuniity
T-cell lymphocytes alone or with macrophages
Regulates both major divisions of the immune system
Immunopathology
Autoimmune disease
Immunodeficiency
Hypersensitivity (allergy)
Type III
Type IV
Type II
Drug Hypersensitivity
Type I
anaphylactic type hypersensitivity
cytotoxic type hypersensitivity
immune complex type hypersensitivity
cell mediated type hypersensitivity
multiple allergies more likely to also have allergic reaction to drugs
occurs immediately after exposure or previously encountered allergen
antibody combines with an antigen that is bound to the surface of tissue cells (RBC usually)
marked by formation of immune complexes between microorganisms/antigens in circulating blood
has cell-mediated immune response; not humoral
an immunopathologic conditions characterized by the tissue trauma caused by an immune response against tissue constituents of own’s own body
type of immunopathologic condition that involves a compromised or entirely absent immune system involving WBC’s and their products in number, function, or interrelationships
Acquired Immune Response
Antigens
an immune response to a foreign substance based on the specific memory of a past exposure to that same foreign substance.
any substance able to induce a specific immune response
Differs from inflammatory response b/c it has the capacity for memory /responds more quickly to a foreign substance if encountered again
Disease can occur when immune response identifies components of self, doesn’t recognize, or overreacts to antigens
Person is injected with altered pathogenic microorganisms
Altered microorganism cannot produce infection but can act as antigen, (called a Vaccine)
When a pathogenic microorganism causes disease
Protection against further attack by the microorganism is conferred to the individual if the body recovers from the disease