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Biology ALevel-Biology-1170x560 - Coggle Diagram
Biology 
Proteins: complex organic molecules that are made up of amino acids and are joined by peptide bonds/Enzymes: molecules, typically proteins, that speed up chemical reactions that occur inside cells by lowering the activation energy
Inhibitors: they have two types, competitive and non-competitive. Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, restricting the actual substrate from binding with the enzyme. This reduces enzyme activity. Non-competitive inhibitors, however, bind with the allosteric site, which then alters the active site's shape so that the substrate cannot bind with the enzyme. This, again, decreases enzyme activity.
Denaturation: the process in which a protein loses its original, coiled shape/biological activities because of heat, changes in pH and various chemicals. Renaturation: The inverse process of denaturation. It reconstructs the protein to its original state after being denatured.
Amino acids: they are the monomers of proteins.
DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid that stores genetic information
Deoxyribose: It is a five-carbon sugar (pentose sugar) that is the constituent of DNA. It is considered the 'backbone' of the Dna double helix.
Nucleotide: Organic molecules that are the building blocks-monomers-of DNA molecules (nucleic acids in general). They consist of a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogenous bases.
Nitrogenous base: they are the building blocks for nucleotides. They form a bond with the deoxyribose sugar and create the backbone of the DNA molecule. There are 4 types of bases in DNA molecules: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine.
RNA: ribonucleic acid. It has a big role in regulating, coding and decoding genetic information.
Codons: A trinucleotide sequence that corresponds to a specific amino acid. For example, AUG, CGU. Note: RNA molecules have the same bases as DNA molecules but instead of thymine they have uracil.
Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries the genetic information that comes from DNA molecules to ribosomes. Protein synthesis occurs according to the information in the mRNA. They can be used over and over again. They make up roughly 5% of RNA molecules.
Transcription: It is the first of a few stages of DNA based quality articulation in which a specific portion of DNA is replicated into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
Vitamins
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin B
Vitamin E
Vitamin A
Vitamin K
Fat-soluble: soluble in non polar substances like lipids; insoluble in water. Vitamins A, E, D and K are fat-soluble while vitamin C and B are water-soluble.
Water-soluble: Easily dissolvable in water. Only vitamin C and B are water-soluble, the other vitamins are fat-soluble.
Deficiency: An insufficient amount of something that is needed in the human body, in this case it is the deficiency of a certain vitamin.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate): a molecule that carries energy within cells
phosphorylation: the transportation of a phosphate group from a donor to an acceptor and producing ATP during the process. (dephosphorylation is the opposite, it consumes ATP, which is done by removing a phosphate group)
cellular metabolism: a balancing act that uses two kinds of activities that go on simultaneously to maintain homeostasis. The two types are anabolic reactions (using ATP to synthesize larger molecules from smaller ones) and catabolic reactions (creation ATP while breaking down large molecules into smaller ones).
cellular respiration: the process in which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to obtain chemical energy for their cellular functions. It is an exergonic reaction.