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Glucose - Coggle Diagram
Glucose
hyperglycemia
post-prandial (monogastrics)
:cat:
stress
can be high and lead to glucosuria
also increases from illness
differentiating stress from diabetes
fructosamine
recheck
hyperthyroidism
increased...
weight loss
appetite
ALP
ALT
AST
Heinz bodies
pre-renal azotemia
hyperglycemia is
inconsistent
exogenous corticosteroids
diabetes mellitus
insulin deficiency
insulin resistance
EXTREMELY RARE
in large animals
:cat:
glucose >500
glucosuria
azotemia
variable electrolytes and minerals
increased...
ALP
AST
cholesterol
Heinza bodies
anemia of chronic disease
:dog:
same as cats, but no stress-induced worries
glocuse >200
hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's)
colic
rare
hyperthyroidism
pancreatic B-cell destruction
drugs
xylazine in horses
Somogyi effect
milk fever :cow:
proximal duodenal obstruction in calves
:arrow_up: increases
glucagon
cortisol
growth hormone
thyroid hormone
catecholamines
hypoglycemia
liver failure
need to confirm with
blood ammonia
bilirubin
increased use/uptake
hypoadrenocorticism "addison's"
sepsis
in vitro artifact
occurs in tube, not body
leukocytosis
bacteria
cell utilization
insulin overdose
paraneoplastic
insulinoma
xylitol toxicity
extreme exertion
:cow: bovine ketosis
pregnancy toxemia
young animals
toy breeds
measurement
direct
portable glucose monitors
may underestimate
inconsistent
serum/whole blood
can be variable and change rapidly
indirect
a1c
glycated hemoglobin
glucose over last 2-3mo :dog: or 6w :cat:
reaction between hemoglobin and glucose
cost prohibitive
fructosamine
measures albumin binding to glucose
2-3w snapshot of blood glucose
elevation = hyperglycemia for 2-3w
sources
dietary- intestinal absorption
not influence by anorexia much
small/young animals more prone
decreases :arrow_down:
insulin