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Chapter 1 EVM - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Smallest are clays, followed by silts and then sands
      - The particles are transported by streams and rivers and then deposited as sediment
- - - - Open pit mining is also called open-cast or open-cut mining
      - Used when valuable deposits are located near the surface often buried below a thick layer of worthless material
      - Worthless material above is called overburden
    - - Involves digging tunnels into the ground to reach mineral deposits that are too deep to be removed by surface mining
      - Adit is the entrance to a horizontal (drift) mine
      - This is more difficult as a supply of fresh air and water needs to be provided
      - There is also a risk of collapsing tunnels and poisonous gases, explosions and underground fires
- - - - loss of habitat
      - clearing of land
      - vegetation will have less biodiversity
      - Environmental impact assessment - a process by which the probable effects on the environment of a development are assessed and measured
    - - Overburden is loosened by explosives - noise pollution
      - Can cause health issues
      - Water pollution can continue for many years even after the mining is over
      - Water may become acidic and then dissolve toxic metal ions
      - Biomagnification - The process in which the concentration of a substance in living things becomes higher at progressively higher levels in the food chain/web
      - The overburden may pile up and collapse and cover more land
      - Mining activities release dust which might settle onto vegetation causing a slow growth of plants
      - Noise, water, land, air and visual