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How does antibody testing work?, Antibodies, RNA - Coggle Diagram
How does antibody testing work?
Antibody testing is used to find out if someone has had a past infection of coronavirus.
Also called serology tests, they can not detect if you are currently infected with the virus.
To perform this test, a blood sample is taken from the patient.
The sample is sent to a lab and then tested.
The test detects antibodies in the blood.
If the test is positive, then there are antibodies present, but that does not mean you are immune to the virus
Sources
https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/antibody-serology-testing-covid-19-information-patients-and-consumers#basics
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antibody-tests.html#:~:text=These%20tests%20look%20for%20the,off%20a%20specific%20infection
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/covid-19-antibody-testing/about/pac-20489696
https://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=17e4e985-56c3-4c15-b35e-1ce279358249%40sessionmgr4007
https://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=5&sid=17e4e985-56c3-4c15-b35e-1ce279358249%40sessionmgr4007&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=147792677&db=hch
Antibodies
There are two types of antibody testing
Tests for binding antibodies are widely available tests. They detect the binding antibodies, which are made in response to the virus.
There are also tests for neutralizing antibodies. These antibodies are a subgroup that can inactivate the virus. This test is less common, and can show how effective your antibodies are.
Antibodies are
proteins
that are made in response to infection
The amino acids can not just turn into proteins, they are controlled by
RNA,
or ribonucleic acid.
RNA strands are produced from
DNA sequences.
In this case, the DNA of the virus. This happens in the process of
transcription
.
An
enzyme
helps to make one RNA strand from the DNA
The new RNA strand goes to the
ribosome
to go through
translation
.
In translation, the mRNA strand is first connected to the ribosome.
Amino acids are joined with
peptide bonds
tRNA
brings in the proper amino acid.
A protein is a
macromolecule.
They consist of
amino acids.
The peptide bond that is needed to connect the amino acids is formed by the ribosome
Antibodies are
proteins
The process creates an amino acid chain which is released as a
protein.
Antibodies develop 1-3 weeks after you have been infected with the virus
RNA
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid.
It is written in 4 letters, A, U, G, and C.
Adenine
,
uracil,
guanine
, and
cytosine
.
The letters are
nitrogenous bases
A
codon
is made of three of the letters
Each codon codes for an amino acid. The amino acid,
methionine
is the
start codon
, it signals to start making the protein.
There are also
stop codons,
which signal that the chain is complete.