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Disease and Infection, Pasteur, Factors, Jenner, Koch - Coggle Diagram
Disease and Infection
Great Plague
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Bubonic , Pneumonic Septicaemic
Causes- God, comets, misama, cats and dogs
Cures- prayer, herbal mixtures, carrying sweet smelling flowers, killed cats and dogs
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Industrial revolution
Miasma, Spontaneous generation, Religion on decline
Contagionists, disease spread from person to person
Anticontagionists, disease result of dirty living conditions (miasma)
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Women not allowed to go to university so couldn't be doctors. Elizabeth Blackwell-first female doctor 1849 US
Elizabeth Garrett-Anderson- first female doctor-1870 UK
Women were allowed to be nruses, Florence Nightingale- brings discipline and professionalism to job with a bad reputation at the time. Manual for nuses and cleaned up the hopsitals
20th Century
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Penicillin- Fleming, Florey and Chain
Specialists doctors, nurses, opticians, dentists must be trained and qualifies.
Black death
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Cures-prayer, whipping self, pilgrimage, herbal concoctions
Islamic Medicine impact
After the Romans left Britain, medical knowledge was lost in the Dark Ages
In the Islamic World, ideas of Hippocrates and Galen were kept and developed further
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Islamic World
Rhazes
He stressed the importance of careful observation of the patient. With his work he distinguished the difference between measles and smallpox through observation and writing down symptoms. He hung a meat in different parts of the city and compared it to the meat decayed in other parts and then recommended that the hospital should be built where the meat decayed the least.
Avicenna
Produced the Canon of Medicine. Summarised Galen and Hippocratic writers and combined them with Islamic writers. Book was very up to date. It had a very knowledgeable view on medical use if drugs. Reported 760 drugs
Ibn al Nafis
First physician that realised that the heart and lungs were connected and that the heart pumped around the body. He stressed the importance of clinical observation and human dissections. Drew detalied diagrams to illustrate different body parts in his new physiological system. Wrote The Comprehensive Book on Medicine.
Middle Ages
Christianity Helped the process because all doctor had to go Universities that were controlled by Christian Church. Hospitals did provide some help for the sick- they gave comfort and support.
Christianity hindered, ancient ideas were taught, but accepted and not challenged- could be executed for challenging Galen and or Hippocrates. Role of doctor was not a healer but as someone who could predict the duration of the illness and siggest why GOd was punishing the sick person.
Renaissance
Apothecaries
No medical training, but sold medicines and groceries
Quacks
Travelling barbers, tooth-pullers, who old medicines which were supposed to cure everything
Ancient World
Hippocrates
He created the idea of the Four Humours. This was used for many years which hindered medicine because all of his theory was wrong. He believed that you were ill because your humours were unbalanced. The Humours were yellow and black bile, blood and phlegm,
Galen
Through Hippocrates work, Galen came up with a way to help. The theory of opposites. This meant that if you were hot then you have too much blood in you so you had to let that out. His theories were liked because of his belief systems which the churches agreed with. He hindered medicine for a long time
Pasteur
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Also developed different vaccines and proved that they worked in public experiments such as proving the anthrax vaccine.
He proved the actual cause of disease which led to rapid progress in treatmets of disease, surgery and public health
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Jenner
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Limited importance a the time as people didn't understand how it worked and didn't want to turn into cows
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Koch
Successfully identifies the germs which caused Tb, soeticemia, anthrax and cholera
HIs methods were used by others to identify other germs and develop cured for them, techniques still used today
He developed experimental methods and made good use of photography, microscopes and dyes
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He developed the work of Pasteur so that specific germs could be identified which lead to specific cure and preventions being created
Roberts and Cheyne were essential in convincing doctor of Koch's work in Britain as they worked with him on his team.