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CARBOHYDRATES - Coggle Diagram
CARBOHYDRATES
II. MONOSACCHARIDES
HAVE TWO ENTANTIOMERICAL STRUCTURES
BECAUSE OF THE KIRALICAL CARBON
D
LAST "OH" BONDED ON THE RIGHT SIDE
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE FORM
L
LAST "OH" BONDED ON THE LEFT SIDE
IN WATERY SOLUTION ARE USUALLY CIRCULAR
MOST IMPORTANT
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE
GLUCOSE
MAIN SUGAR USED IN THE ANIMAL ORGANISMS
I. GENERAL ASPECTS
TERNARY MOLECULES
H
C
O
CAN COINTAIN
KETONICAL GROUP
POLIHYDROXIALDEIDS/POLIHYDROXIKETONES
ALDEIDICAL GROUP
OXYDRILIC GROUP
III. DISACCHARIDES
TWO MONOSACCHARIDES BONDED TOGETHER
CONDENSATION REACTION
GLYCOSIDIC BONDING (C-O-C)
EXIT OF 1 MOLECULE OF WATER
HYDROLISYS IS THE OPPOSITE REACTION
INTRODUCTION OF 1 MOLECULE OF WATER
MOST IMPORTANT
SUCROSE
COMMON SUGAR
WIDELY USED BY MAN
INVERTED SUGAR
HYDROLIZED BY INVERTASE
MALTOSE
IN THE VEGS
CORN
BARLEY
HYDROLIZED BY DIASTASES
LACTOSE
IN MILK
HUMAN MILK
COW MILK
**IV. POLYSACCHARIDES
MANY MANY MONOMERICAL UNITS BONDED TOGETHER
STARCH
STORAGE SUGAR IN THE PLANTS
A LOT OF GLUCOSE MONOMERS BONDED WITH AN ALPHA 1,4- GLYCOSIDIC BONDING
MADE UP OF TWO KIND OF MOLECULES
AMYLOSE
LINEAR STRUCTURE
GET TOGETHER IN THE RAMIFICATION POINTS
ALPHA-1,6-GLYCOSIDIC BONDING
AMYLOPECTIN
RAMIFIED STRUCTURE
CELLULOSE
MAIN COMPONENT OF PLANT WALL
MANY CELLOBIOSE DISACCHARIDE BONDED TOGETHER
BETA
1,4-BONDING
BETA NATURE OF BONDING IS THE REASON WHY WE DO NOT DIGEST CELLULOSE
CHITIN
BASED ON GLUCOSE MONOMERS
LOOKS LIKE CELLULOSE
BUT
GETS A -NH2 GROUP
MADE UP INSECTS EXOSKELETON
GLICOGEN
MANY GLUCOSE MOLECULES
ALPHA-1,4/ALPHA-1,6-BONDING
MAIN STORAGE SUGAR IN THE ANIMALS
COLLECTED IN THE LIVER
THE MOST RAMIFIED