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TOPIC 3. THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS. LANGUAGE IN USE…
TOPIC 3. THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS. LANGUAGE IN USE. NEGATION OF MEANING.
INTRODUCTION
I took English...
OUTLINE
THE FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE
According to Roman Jakobson (Structuralis approach and Prague School) There are 6 different functions of language
REFERENTIAL FUNCTION: Corresponds to the factor of Context and describes a situation, object or mental state.
POETIC FUNCTION: It is related to the form of the message.
CONATIVE FUNCTION: The issuer wants the receiver to do something.
EMOTIVE FUNCTION: The issuer expresses feelings and emotions.
METALINGUISTIC FUNCTION: Language to speak about language
PHATIC FUNCTION: It is the function that maintains communication.
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Complex. Different ways of communication: verbal, non-verbal, oral and written, intentional and unintentional.
COMMUNICATION
Fundamental in language teaching COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH.
Halliday's definition: The exchange and negotiation of information between at least two individuals through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, oral or written.
It is a form of social interaction, with an established purpose and that entails a degree of unpredictability and creativity.
According to ROMAN JAKOBSON' model certain elements can be distiguished in the process.
ISSUER: The participant who addresses a message to another one
RECEIVER: Who gets the message.
MESSAGE: The information.
CHANNEL: Medium used to transmit the message.
CODE: Group of symbols and rules in which the message is expressed.
CONTEXT: The situation surrounding the communication.
Later, other elements where added.
REDUNDANCY: It enhances entropy.
FEEDBACK: The ability of the sender (issuer) to self-control and judge the effect of his message.
ENTROPY OR NOISE: distorts the message.
OUTLINE:
LANGUAGE IN USE
NEGATION OF MEANING
THE FUCNTIONS OF LANGUAGE
IMPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE TEACHING
THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LANGUAGE IN USE
Human communication chracteristics: Auditory-vocal channel, capacity of displacement (past or future events) and arbitrarieness (words and their meanings have no connection SAUSURRE).
Language can be studied as a part of the field of SEMIOTICS (studies the communication process dealing with linguistic and non-linguistic signs.
Hallidays's definition: It is an instrument of social interaction with a clear communicative purpose.
THE USES OF LANGUAGE
INFORMATIVE: Applies to written and spoken language that can be determined as true or false. ANALYTICAL REPORTS, DESCRIPTIONS, ARGUMENTS, EVERYDAY SPEECH.
EXPRESSIVE: Reports feelings or attitudes of the writer (or speaker), or of the subject, or evokes feelings in the reader (or listener). POETRY AND LITERATURE.
DIRECTIVE: Language used for the purpose of causing (or preventing) overt action. COMMANDS AND REQUESTS
NEGOTATION OF MEANING.
Communocation problems in coversation.
Michael Long consider that negotiation of meaning is an important contribution to the development of the L2 learner’s communicative competence
CLARIFICATION REQUEST-EFFORTS: Could you say that again?, Sorry?
SELF REPETITION OR PARAPHRASE: She got lost on her way home from school. She was walking home from school. She got lost.
COMPREHENSION CHECKS EFFORTS: The bus leaves at 6.30.Do you understand?
6.IMPLICATIONS OF LANGUAGE TEACHING
SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE CHANCE TO PRACTICE THEIR ENGLISH
SOCIAL INTERACTION, IMPORTANCE OF BEING ABLE TO COMMUNICATE
COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH: REALIA, FACE TO FACE ACTIVITIES, SURVEYS, INTERVIEWS...
8.CONCLUSION (OUTLINE)
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Skinner ,B.F. 1957 Verbal Behaviour. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
Crystal.D.1985 Linguistics. Penguin Books.
Hymes. D. 1972 On communicative competence