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3. The Restoration: liberalism and nationalism - Coggle Diagram
3. The Restoration: liberalism and nationalism
The political revolutions of the 19th century
The Revolutions of 1830
The Revolutions of 1848
The Revolutions of 1820s
The Restoration of the Ancien Régime
The Restoration was a return to the political system of the Ancien Régime that was imposed by the victorious European powers, after Napoleon’s defeat in 1815
Europe’s borders were changed
Absolute monarchies were instead
The European powers agreed to support any monarch who was threatened by revolution or any attempt to limit his or her power
Two European alliances
The Holy Alliance
The Quadruple Alliance
Liberalism, Nationalism and Democracy
Nationalism is an ideology that advocates the right of the people who define themselves as a nation to form independent states
Democratic movements advocates ordinary people’s right to participate in politics
Liberalism is an ideology that advocates individual liberties
The Italian and German unification
German unification
The Frankfurt Parliament tried to create a unified state
A customs union has been established
Liberal and nationalist ideas were popular in Germany
The German Confederation was divided into 39 states
The consequences of Italian and German unification
Both unifications affected European international relations
France and the Austro-Hungarian Empire had been weakened by these events
Latin American independence
The causes of independence
The American Revolution, the French Revolution and the Spanish War of independence encouraged some of the colonists to fight for their own freedom
Great Britain gave financial assistance to the supporters of independence
The influence of Enghtenment ideas
The Creole bourgeoisie wanted political and economic control of the colonies
The consequences of independence
The consequences for Spain
Spain lost its hegemony over Latin America
The loss of the American colonies dramatically reduced Spain’s international prestige and power
The Spanish economy, especially the Catalan manufacturing industry, as Spain lost its trade monopoly over the American colonies
The consequences for new South American
The Creole bourgeoisie gained the political and economic power it had been fighting for
New countries were formed
Most of the new republics now came under the influence of Great Britain
The establishment of free trade damaged the economies of many countries