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FRAGMENTATION OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE INTO INDEPENDENT REGIONAL STATES -…
FRAGMENTATION OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE INTO INDEPENDENT REGIONAL STATES
The Old Mughal Provinces
Hyderabad
Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah was the founder
During 1720-22 Asaf Jah had already gained control over its political and financial administration.
Asaf Jah brought skilled soldiers and administrators and appointed them as mansabdars and granted jagirs
Awadh
Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa‘adat Khan was appointed subadar of Awadh and founded a state.
Burhan-ul-Mulk tried to decrease Mughal influence in the Awadh region by reducing the number of jagirdars appointed by the Mughals.
The state depended on local bankers and mahajans.
Bengal
Murshid Quli Khan seized all the power
.
He transferred all Mughal jagirdars to Orissa.
The Watan Jagirs
Rajput kings had served under the Mughals
In exchange, they were permitted to enjoy considerable autonomy in their watan jagirs.
Raja Ajit Singh of Jodhpur held the governorship of Gujarat and Sawai Raja Jai Singh of Amber was governor of Malwa.
The Sikhs
After Guru Gobind Singh's death in 1708, the Khalsa rose against the Mughal authority.
the Sikhs organized themselves into a number of bands called jathas
Combined forces were called dal khalsas
The Marathas
Shivaji (1627-1680) carved out a stable kingdom with the support of powerful warrior families (deshmukhs)
After Shivaji’s death, effective power in the Maratha state was continued by a family of Chitpavan Brahmanas who served Shivaji’s successors as Peshwa.
Malwa and Gujarat were seized from the Mughals
The Jats