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31 TEXT AND CONTEXT. TEXT TYPES: MAIN CRITERIA FOR TEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION.…
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TEXT AND CONTEXT. TEXT TYPES: MAIN CRITERIA FOR TEXTUAL CLASSIFICATION. REGISTER
Text and context
Text and texture
Text
: any passage, spoken or written, of whatever length, which forms a unified whole. It is a unit of language in use
Texture
: what differences a text from something which is not a text. It functions as a unit with respect to its environment.
Seven standards of textuality
Acceptability
: receiver's attitude
Informativity
Intentionality
: intentions of the addresser. Conversational maxims of cooperation
Situationality
: texts are relevant to a particular context
Intertextuality
: dependency on the participant's knowledge of other texts
Coherence
: logical development of ideas
Cohesion
: links among the components of a text
Text and context
Co-text
: linguistic surrounding context
Context of situation
: extra-linguistic factors which have some relation to the text itself
Mode
:linguistic choices of the medium in which language is transmitted (speech or writing)
Tenor
: participants
Field
: subject matter
Criteria for textual classification
Tone of the text: emotion or feelings
Organization of the text: presence or absence of the addressee
Text genre
Types of text: main objective or intention
Types of texts
Argumentative texts
: they intend to argue, persuade and convince.
Expository texts
: they intend to clarify or explain something. They often follow a specific structure
Descriptive texts
: they give a mental image of an object, place, person, process or personal or emotional situation
Dialogic texts
: they refer to spoken modes of discourse which are often characterised as being uplanned, informal and interactive
Narrative texts
: telling of fictional or non-fictional actions or events that happen at various times and places.
Register
Style and register
: degree of formality
Varieties according to interference
Variations according to subject matter (field)
Variations according to education and social standing
Variations according to mode
Regional variations: dialects
Variations according to attitude (tenor)
Closed and open registers
Closed register
: the kind of language used is more restricted
Open registers
: the kind of language is not so restricted