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SPD - Coggle Diagram
SPD
HPT
Cryo
Even stronger structures
but the uniform elongation does not improve. rather it saturates. it should improve with increasing vol% of twins
NTs that should show better ductility
Not sure if they do
Definitely more unstable
Slight increase in temperature removes any beneficial structure present
SMGT samples show that surface grains below 70nm are more stable than grains away from surface and sized greater than 70 nm
SMGT + HPT produces avg GS of 25nm and also shows remarkable hardness and thermal stability
Even storage of RT HPT samples and stored at RT for 1-2 years starts recrystallization
SFE has an effect, lower the SFE, the higher the rate of recrystallization at RT
Two reasons
Increased stored energy as compared to high sfe metals because of lower dislocation annihilation and lower recovery
Higher diffusion through lattice defects
Higher SFE allows dynamic recovery during subsequent plastic deformation
Higher SFE does not recrystallize as readily as low SFE metals but they undergo dynamic recovery to lower ductility
Can be stabilized through
Through plastic deformation
Or rapid heat rates
HEating rates can delay the onset of grain coarsenining to an extent that annealling twins occur before grain coarsening
This results in lower energy annealing twin interfaces that are more stable
RT
Brittle but strong metals