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EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II, image, image, image - Coggle…
EUROPE IN THE AGE OF CARLOS V AND FELIPE II
The protestant reformation
Causes
The church's wealth
The high clergy lived a life of luxury
The buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions
hese positions provided an income and economic rights
The bad example set by the high clergy
The majority of those at the top of the hierarchy occupied positions for their own gain
The sale of indulgences
When the church needed money, it sold indulgences
The low clergy's lack of training
He church hierarchy did not give much importance to the training of its priests and therefore
Luther's break from Rome
Forgiveness and salvation do not depend on the good deeds a person does in life
Rejection of the veneration of the Virgin Mary, saints and holy relics
Free interpretation of the Bible
Priests should be abolished because anyone could read and interpret the Bible in their own way
Opposition to the Church owning property
The spread of the reformation
John Calvin
Was a French theologian who spread a type of Protestantism from Geneva in Switzerland
King Henry VIII
The Pope would not give his consent to divorce Catherine of Aragón
He appointed himself head of the Church of England or Anglican Church
Ultricht Zwingli
Was a Swiss pastor who founded the Reformed Church in the city of Zurich
Important dates
1517
Luther publishes 95 Theses.
1521
The Pope demands that Luther retracts his writings at the Diet of Worms.
1522
Luther translates the Bible into German
1536
Lutheranism spreads to Denmark and Norway
1559-1562
Eradication of the Lutheran groups in Spain
Religious wars and counter-reformation
Religious wars
In 1521
The Church excommunicated Luther and attempted to prosecute him for heresy
It was unsuccessful because he received the protection of the German nobles
Carlos I
The Catholic Monarchs' grandson and King of Spain
Was appointed Emperor in 1519
He was a devout Catholic and tried to mediate in this conflict to prevent the division of the Church
Various meetings took place, but no agreement was reached
Diet of Worms
The Catholics considered the Lutherans Protestants
Referred to themselves as the Reformed
The Emperor supported the Pope and the Church
Protestant German princes supported Luther
Formed an alliance called the Schmalkaldic League.
A civil war broke out and the Emperor and the Catholic German princes
Defeated the League at the Battle of Mühlberg in 1547
he Peace of Augsburg was signed in 1555
This agreement did not result in religious peace in Europe
In France
The wars between Catholics and Protestants continued
In the Low Countries
The Dutch War of Independence took place
In the British Isles
The Wars of the Three Kingdoms took place.
Consequences of religious division in Europe
Protestants and Catholics persecuted each other in the areas they dominated
The counter-reformation
The Counter-Reformation was a religious, intellectual and political movement
Led by the Catholic Church against the Protestant Reformation
The Council of Trent
established the Catholic Church’s course of action in three main areas
Internal reform
Measures were taken to resolve internal corruption
The repression of Protestantism
Whose followers were considered heretics
The Inquisition was reinforced
The clarification of their teachings
The dogmas and principles that the Protestants had rejected were maintained
