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Functional groups physical and chemical properties - Coggle Diagram
Functional groups
physical and chemical
properties
Alkanes (single bonded)
alkenes (double bonded)
alkynes (triple bond)
Colourless
less dense than water
Gases, liquids or solids at room temperature
non-polar
insoluble in water
Composed of H and C
Molar mass increases with the chain
BP and MP are higher as the #C increase.
Saturated vs unsaturated
Aliphatic vs cyclos
Arene
Highly flammable
Luminous flame
H and C
Conjugated pi bonds
Coplanar structure
number of double bonds related
to the number of the carbons
SP2
Alcohol, ether, epoxide
Composed by C,H, O
single bonded
polar
flammable
solvents
colourless liquids
low boiling points
volatile
slightly soluble in water
Aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid,
acid anhydride, ester, amide, acyl halide
increased melting point and boiling point
according to the molecular weight.
It dissolves in water
composed of C H O
double bonded
solvents
polar
easily oxidised
amine, nitrile, imine,
isocyanate, azo compound
characteristic smell
soluble in water
elevated boiling points.
composed by C H N
mainly
N can be substituted
biological and environ-
mental functions
haloalkane
characteristic smell
oxic for humans
Higher boiling and melting
point due to the molecular
mass
colourless
odorless
hydrophobic
flammable
polyreactive density increases
when halogen atoms increase
slightly soluble in water
C H halogens
intermediary for other reactions
oxidative addition
elimination reactions,
substitution reactions,