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Oxygenation: PNA - Coggle Diagram
Oxygenation: PNA
S&S
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respiratory: tachypnea, SOB
pain: chest/pleuritic, joint, headache
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gastric: N&V, anorexia, diarrhea (legionaries)
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Risks
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impaired pulmonary function (inability to clear secretion, damaged cilia/tissues, chronic bronchitis, COPD, ect.)
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treatment
Supportive: O2, antipyretics, IV fluids, bedrest, incentive spirometer
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diagnostics
CXR: gold standard, will determine type (lobular or patchy consolidation)
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Pneumonia starts when when infectious agents enter the lower respiratory tracts. In the case of pneumococcal pneumonia the bacterium begin to replicate in the alveolar spaces. This leads fluid accumulation and edema in the alveolar. As a response inflammation occurs. As a result the capillaries become congested and alveolar begin filling with leukocytes and red blood cells. This causes the lung to become stiff and gas exchange becomes impaired in the effected areas. This is considered the red hepatization stage. following this macrophages begin to arrive and dispose of cellular and bacterial debris. As the lungs clear the grey hepatization phase occurs and the alveoli eventually drain. Infection can progress by the lobe or in a patched pattern known as bronchopneumonia
The inflammation process that occurs is largely responsible for the fever and chills experienced during the infection. The congestion and exudate caused by the bacteria and the inflammation causes the impaired gas exchange lung stiffness and the productive cough