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WEEK 1 - Coggle Diagram
WEEK 1
Modern Approaches
Behavioral Perspective:
Cognitive Perspective:
Psychodynamic Perspective:
Humanistic Perspective:
Neuroscience:
Key Controversies
3. Observable vs. Non-Observable:
4. Free Will vs. Determinism:
2. Nature vs. Nurture:
5. Individual Differences vs. Universal Principles:
1. Conscious vs. Unconscious:
Pre-Scientific Approaches
Structuralism:
Wilhelm Wundt was conducting experiments on human consciousness, as well as other mental activities by a method called
introspection
.
Functionalism:
William James asked what the function of conscious experience was in terms of humans' adaptation to environments.
Phrenology:
Franz Gall was interested in the shapes and sizes of the skull and the regions of the brain. He thought these endeavours could determine capacities, characteristics, and personality traits.
Gestalt Psychology:
Ebbinghaus and Wertheimer said,
“The whole is different from the sum of its parts”
. This approach was about how we perceive information, fill the gaps, and our tendency to see the whole.
An Early Dialogue on Mind and Body
Monism:
An approach from ancient Greece that states the mind and the body are united. This led to their methods for curing mental illness, with more organic procedures.
Dualism:
Dualism comes with Descartes and the French Revolution, stating that the mind and the body are separate entities, connected to a certain extent.