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Respiration - Coggle Diagram
Respiration
Aerobic respiration
Respiration using oxygen to break down food molecules is called aerobic respiration. Glucose is the molecule normally used for respiration - it is the main respiratory substrate. Glucose is oxidised to release its energy.
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Respiration is a series of reactions, but this summarises the overall process.
The first stages of respiration occur in the cytoplasm of cells, but most of the energy released is in the mitochondria.
Anaerobic respiration
During anaerobic respiration, the oxidation of glucose is incomplete. The reaction therefore releases much less energy - around a nineteenth of the energy released during aerobic respiration.
In animals
Most organisms cannot respire without oxygen. But some organisms and tissues can continue to respire if the oxygen runs out. These organisms and tissues use the process of anaerobic respiration.
Animal muscles can respire anaerobically for short periods of time - even though the process is relatively inefficient, it's better to continue respiring and be able to run away from danger - or run a race.
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As animals respire, heat is also released. In birds and mammals, this heat is distributed around the body by the blood and helps to maintain a constant internal temperature.