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materials - Coggle Diagram
materials
properties of material
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These properties relate to how matenals react to external stimuli,
e g electricity, light, heat or the applying of vamous forces
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Electrical conductivity. Some materials conduct electricity, e.g.
metals.
E lectrical insulation. Some matenals dont conduct electomty,
e.g, plastic mateoals and wood
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Acoustic insulators. Some materials don't conduct sound well,
e g glass, tibre, cork and plastics
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other metallic matenals, Iron has
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. attracts other ferrous matenals,
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There are several types of strength: tensile strength,compressive strength, flexural strength, torsional strength and shear strength. For example,
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• Du ctility allows a matenal to be formed into filaments, or wires.
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hardness
A hard matenal is not easilv scratched bv another matenal The Mohs scale of minerals was created by the Austnan geologist Friedrich Mohs (1,3 — 183gl The minerals are graded from I to 10 according to how hard the) are
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• B r ittleness is the opposite, when the matenal breaks easily
For instance, if we hit a metal obiect ivith a hammer, e g a bell, it
doesn't break If we hit a mirror or glass obiect, it breaks easily
other properties
permeability
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An earthemcare iug contamtng liquid, or a wet cloth becomes wet
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porosity
Some matenals can absorb or release liquids or gases tgood, some
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pores). This propem is related to density: if a matenal is more porous,
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impermeability
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them For mstance, glass is impermeable, so liquids stored in bottles
don't escape. Plastics and cork are also impermeable, or waterproof.
density
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volume. In the top photograph, the piece of wood weighs more than
the sponge, but both pieces are of 4 similar volume The wooden block
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raw matertials
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• animal orign: wool, silk, hides ...
• vegetable origin. cotton, wood, cork, linen
• mineral ongin marble, clay, iron ...
chemical properties
tee can see these properties when the chemical composition of a material changes because n interacts with other substances
oxidation
This happens when a mmerai reacts with oxvgen in the air or water metals are the most sensitive matenals to oxidanon The reddish-brown substance produced is called rust
materials
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• A physical process is when a substance changes its state, for
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conte is<linn of the material changes For example, petrol
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paper, planks of wood, pie~tie, metal and glass
manufactured goods
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- We get raw matenals from nature
- We process them to make matenals
- We make goods with these materials.
For example, trees are cut into logs, logs are made into planks ol A manufactured good can be made of
wood, and these are used to make turniture
ecological properties
The environment is a system made up of human beings, flora,
fauna, earth, air, climate and landscape which all interact. Matenals
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Renewable raw materials; wool, cotton and wood
Non-renewable raw materials; coal, oil and minerals.