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1.4.1 Approaches to Staffing - Coggle Diagram
1.4.1 Approaches to Staffing
d) Employer/Employee relationships
Individual Approach
Puts the boss in the stronger position over the individual
Huge decline in union membership
Weak bargaining power individuals have mean that workers today are a lot more worse off compared to their managers than they would have been 30 years ago
Trade Unions Collective bargaining
Organisation that employees pay to join to gain greater power and security at work
Unity means strength
Trade union has a lot of power and influence as a collective
They bargain with the employer on behalf of all of the employees
Used to be for pay rights- now for the protection of workers under labour laws
Deal with health and safety and workplace discrimination
Also have pension benefits, cut down on them now
Benefits:
Increased bargaining power
Possibly better pay and working conditions
Legal representation if needed
Success of a business depends on the full participation of as many of the staff as possible
Small businesses- use monthly meetings
Large businesses- element of democracy
b) Flexible Workforce
Part time and temp
Provided business with flexibility, such as extra transport staff
Employees work on a contract with shorter days and hours than a full-time worker would have
Temporary work
gives staff a short term contract which makes it easy for the company to cut down their staff without getting criticized by the public
Disadvantages for employees:
Whether making enough money to care for family- a bank loan or mortgages- uncertainty around job- lack of job stability
Multi-Skilling
Advantages:
Increases in productivity from greater utilisation of employees
Less disruption to production caused by staff absences
More employee motivation created by more varied challenges and tasks at work- job rotation
Disadvantages:
Potential loss of production as workers switch between different tasks
More training requirements- pushing up costs
Workers may be reluctant to gain new skills, especially if there is no corresponding pay rise
Training and knowledge to carry out a multitude of tasks within the workplace instead of just specialising in one specific area
Encouraged through job rotation- human resources can be used more effectively and efficiently- employees can be given the skills needed to cover for staff absences if needed, which minimizes any internal disruption or loss of production.
Outsourcing
Business finds an external company to do part of the production process for them, either to cut down costs or to achieve a better level of service
Using temporary contracts, agency staff, and subcontracting, or outsourcing certain operations to other businesses
Advantages:
Staff enable businesses to respond to sudden sales increases by quickly increasing the workforce and then reducing the workforce just as quickly when sales drop again
Reduce costs and improve the reaction to change
Disadvantages:
Productivity may suffer due to a lack of expertise and worker loyalty
Flexible hours and home working
Many people are classed as home workers which can include full-time or part-time or self-employed
Home worker- will do some days of the week working at home, and then they come in and do some days in the office working on a hot-desk
Advantages:
Helping with family commitment
Improve recruitment process, increasing staff motivating and reducing labour turnover- reduces costs and boosts productivity
Need the flexibility to avoid being hard hit by demand changes
The need for
flexibility has increased
due to:
Constant improvement in technology- market subject and frequent to rapid changes- want to anticipate and response quality to maintain a competitive edge
Many consumers want more customised goods and services, so firms need to adapt to the production process and meed demand, whilst still operating efficiently and keeping costs down
Increased competition- fluctuating or seasonal demand- need to be flexible to reduce unnecessary costs
c) Dismissal and Redundancy
Dismissal
- being dismissed ‘sacked’ from a job due to incompetence or breaches of discipline
Redundancy
- occurs when a job function is no longer required. The employee holding the job becomes redundant through no fault of his/her own
3 main reasons to let go of staff:
When individual staff lack the competence to carry out duties effecting or disruptive- impacting productivity of other
When economies or other factors reduce demand in entire industry- forcing companies to rationalise and cut their costs in order to stay above their break-even operation points.
hen competitive or other factors cause the business to lose market share in a way that forces the management to cut down on staff.
a) Are Staff a cost or an asset
Asset
If long term sucess is the goal- need trust between management and staff
High levels of unemployment
Without staff, not internal voice
If business, made on high quality customer service- create customer loaylty
If have high levels of skill
Costs
Need to have low costs
Need to provide for them, keep them motivated to stay in your business- possibly by financial reward