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The Make-up and Perception of Timbre - Coggle Diagram
The Make-up and Perception of Timbre
Acoustic Theory of Vowel Production (Hixon, 2008)
vowel tract is a 1/4-wavelength tube closed at one end
repeated opening/closing of the glottis over time is what results in pitch
determining frequency components requires analysis in frequency domain
each periodic sound is made up of harmonics
those harmonics determine the vowel/timbre
how the folds (hyper/hypo adduction) close affects the timbre
tube length/share affects acoustic qualities in a voice
formant frequencies differ dependent on tube shape, breath flow, and glottal cycles
Elements of Human Voice (Chen, 2017)
Preface
relatively recent understanding that sound Is made by closing, not opening, of the folds
need for a more accurate theory of human voice production
Vowels
Formants determine vowels and vowels determine formants
Superimposition Principal
response caused by two or more stimuli Is the sum of the responses caused by reach stimulus Independently
"The Perception of Single Sounds" (Plomp, 2001)
duration of period of vibration determines pitch
waveform characteristics determine timbre
the ear Is a Fournier-type frequency analyzer
this Is how timbre Is determined
ear Is insensitive to changes of ~10dB
only first 5 harmonics are distinguishable
Dissertation, "The Origin of Timbre" (Plomp, 1967?)
Early understandings of timbre
Useful Information
Frequency analyzing power of ear Is limited by critical bandwidth
Timbre is independent from pitch
Vibration patterns along basilar membrane are significant to perception
Pitch Is correlated with periodicity and brightness with frequency
Vowels are characterized by more than one formant