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Photosynthesis - Coggle Diagram
Photosynthesis
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Action Spectra
A graph of the rate of photosynthesis against each wavelength of light absorbed by a pigment.
Chlorophyll
A photosynthetic pigment located in the thylakoids of chloroplasts that absorbs light energy. Two main types; chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.
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Glycerate-3-Phosphate (GP)
A 3-carbon molecule that is reduced by reduced NADP in the light-independent stage of photosynthesis to form two molecules of TP. This requires ATP.
Light-Dependant Reaction
The first stage of photosynthesis that uses light energy to produce ATP, reduced NADP and oxygen. It takes place in the thylakoids of the chloroplast.
Light-Independent Reaction
The second stage of photosynthesis, also known as the Calvin cycle, in which the products of the light-dependant stage and carbon dioxide are used to build organic molecules. It does not require light energy and takes place in the stroma.
Light-Harvesting System
A collection of protein and chlorophyll molecules found in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts that absorbs light energy of varying wavelengths and transfers it to the reaction centre. Also known as the antennae complex.
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NADP
A coenzyme that becomes reduced when it takes up the hydrogen atoms during the light-independent stage of photosynthesis, forming reduced NADP.
Nitrogen
An inorganic nutrient required in plant metabolism for the production of amino acids, nucleotides and chlorophyll.
Non-Cyclic Photophosphorylation
The formation of ATP and reduced NADP involving both photosystems 1 and 2.
Oxidation
The loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen in a substance.
Photolysis
The splitting of a water molecule in the presence of light that occurs during the light-independent stage of photosynthesis. This produces protons, electrons and oxygen.
H2) --> 2H+ + 2e- + 1/2O2
Photosynthesis
A complex metabolic pathway that synthesises organic molecules in the presence of light. Two main stages; light-dependant and light-independent reaction.
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Photosynthetic Pigments
Molecules present in chloroplasts that absorb certain wavelengths of light, e.g. chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll and carotenoids.
Photosystem
A protein complex consisting of a light-harvesting system and reaction centre, that is involved in the absorption of light and transfer of electrons in photosynthesis. Two types, photosystems 1 and 2.
Reaction Centre
The region of a photosystem where energy is funnelled and photosynthetic reactions takes place. It contains two chlorophyll a molecules.
Reduction
The gain of electrons, loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen in a substance.
Retention Value (Rf)
Calculated using the equation: Distance travelled by component / Distance travelled by solvent.
Ribulose Biphosphate (RuBP)
A 5-carbon compound that reacts with carbon dioxide in the light-independent stage of photosynthesis, forming two molecules of GP.
Ribulose Biphosphate Carboxylase (Rubisco)
An enzyme that catalyses the reaction of RuBP and carbon dioxide in the light-independent stage of photosynthesis.
Transducer
Something that converts one type of energy into another, e.g. chloroplasts transform light energy into the chemical energy of ATP.
Triose Phosphate (TP)
A 3-carbon compound formed in glycolysis and the light-independent stage of photosynthesis. It may serve as a starting material for the formation of organic molecules or used to regenerate RuBP.