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Sickle Cell Disease - Coggle Diagram
Sickle Cell Disease
What long term health issues do these patients face?
Thrombosis or infarction
Hemorrhage in the brain, strokes
Retinal detachment, causing blindness
Retinopathy
Chest syndrome
Pulmonary HTN
HF
Spleen
Their sleep has atrophy to the point where is is no longer functioning, usually by age 13
Gall stones
Renal failure can occur
Ulcers on the feet, bones, and joints
What triggers the abnormal blood cells to sickle?
Low O2 levels
Fever
Any sort of infection
High altitude
Emotional or physical abuse
Stress
Tension in the blood
Any hypoxia
Emotional, physical tress
Autosomal Recessive Disorder
Characterized by the presence of an abnormal form of Hgb - Hgb s
Generally ID in infancy or early childhood
Incurable and often fatal
Predominant in African Americans, some Mediterraneans, and areas where malaria is common
Patient Ed
Teach ptts to avoid hypoxia
Treat other infections promptly
Frequent screening for retinopathy and other end organ issues
Nursing interventions
Hydrate - decreases blood viscosity and hopefully prevent some of the clumping of sickle cells
O2 - to help prevent sickling
Pain management
What is the principle symptoms of sickle cell crisis?
PAIN!!
Their pain is frequently undertreated
What effect does this have on the tissues supplied?
When cells sickle, they become hook like and get stuck in the capillary arteries; causes seclusion of those areas and the tissue becomes hypoxic and causes pain.