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Chapter 17 - Genetics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Offspring are called F1 or First filial generation
        
        F1's offspring are called F2
- - - - :
  - - - Examples include ultraviolet light, x-rays, radiation, and chemicals
      - Deletions can sometimes be caused by short regions of a self complementary sequence. Small loop is formed by self complementary sequence which is then not read by DNA polymerase
      - Transposable elements are a cause of both insertions and deletions. Transposable elements are pieces of DNA that readily change position from one chromosome to another.
        
        Insertion sequences contain genes that code for the enzymes involved in cutting the insertion sequence out and and splicing it elsewhere
        
        Mutations caused by these vary in severity
        
        transposon is like an insertion sequence but longer and carries genes that code for proteins not associated with transposition
  - - - These mechanisms cant be perfect or else all eggs and sperm would have identical DNA
- - - - free nucleotides pair with bases of the single strands
        
        These nucleotides are ribonucleotides
        
        polymerized into pieces of Primer RNA about 10 nucleotides long.
        
        These act as substrates for DNA Polymerase
        
        DNA polymerase enters and adds deoxyribonucleotides to the end of primer RNA
        
        This replication method is known as semiconservative replication because resulting DNA double helix contains one old and one new molecule
        
        DNA polymerase only adds to the 3' end
        
        DNA pieces are ligated (attached with covalent bonds)