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Summary of all lesson learned in Comp 101 - Coggle Diagram
Summary of all lesson learned in Comp 101
Unit 1:
Introduction to Computers.
What is a Computer- A computer is an electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules (process),produce results (output), and store the e(storage) for future use.
Block diagram of computer system.
A computer can perform following operations,
1.accept data and information supplied by the user.
2.store data and information in the memory.
3.process the data and information.
4.output the result of the process data.
Two types of computer system.
Software.
Hardware
Control unit.
Arithmetic and Logic unit.
Memory unit.
Output unit.
Input unit.
Advantages and Dis- advantages of using Computers.
Advantages of using Computers.
1.Speed
2.Reliability
3.Consistency
4.Storage
5.Communications
Dis- advantages of using Computers.
1.Health risks
2.Public safety
3.Impact on Labor Force
4.Impact on Environment
The components of a a computer system.
A computer contains many electric, electronic and mechanical components known as hardware.this components include a system unit, input devices, output devices and storage devices.
Input devices- an input device is any hardware components that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer.
Keyboard- is an input device in a computer system .it is the most common device used to input both alphabets and numbers.
Card readers- card reader is an input device that's read data from a memory card.
Scanning devices-scanning devices are used as an input device.
Bar code reader- a barcode reader is an electronic device that can read and output printed bar codes to a computer.
OCR- OCR stands for Optical Character Recognition.
Image scanner- an image scanner is the most common example of scanning device.
OMR-OMR stands for Optical Mark Recognition.
MICR-MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition.
Pointing devices-Pointing device is kind of an input device that allows user to control and provide data to the computer using movement of a hand - held devices.
Mouse- a mouse is a computer input device used to moved a cursor around the computer screen.
Light pen- a light pen is a pencil shape light- sensetive pointing input device commonly used to select text or data on a screen.
Touch device- a touch device works as both input and output devices for a computer or an information processing system.
Optical mouse- the optical mouse uses special chips to encode data for the computer.
Web camera- web camera is a small digital device connected to your computer which is capable of taking pictures as well as high definition vedios and transmit them over the internet.
Mechanical mouse- the mechanical mouse builds with a ball inside the mouse and it touches a surface and rolls with the mouse.
Microphone- a microphone is an audio input device.
Joystick- a joystick is an input device that enable it's user to control a character or machine with the help of a computer program.
Output devices- output devices are the hardware components used to display the result to the user.
Printers- printer is the one of the most common output devices of a computer.
Example of printer.
a. Dot matrix- in this type of printers a character is printed by striking pins against an ink ribbon.
b.Laser- a laser printer uses a laser beam to produce an image on a photosensitive drum.
c.Inkjet- inkjet printer uses the principle of the dot matrix printer but instead of pinsits uses an array of nozzles which spray jets of ink onto the paper in a series of dots that make the characters and graphics.
d.thermal printers- thermal printer is a type of printer that produces a printed image by pushing heated pins against heat sensetive paper. example of this is plotters and monitor
Kinds of monitor.
1.CRT
2.Plasma
3.LCD monitor
4.LCD projector
5.DLP projector
6.Speaker
System unit.
The system unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer that are used to process data.
Central processing Unit.
Each digital computer consist of a processing Unit called as processor.processor processes the raw data into useful information.
Memory Unit.
Memory consists of electronic components that's store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions.
Primary memory-
All the data/information is initially stored in primary memory of the computer.
Secondary memory- hard disk is best example of secondary memory,as the data is available on hard disk remains permanent.
Storage devices- a storage device is the computer hardware that records and retrieve items to and from storage media
Hard disk- a hard disk is a storage device that contains one or more inflexible,circular platters that uses magnetic particles to store data, instructions,and information.
Flash memory storage- flash memory is a type of memory that can be erased electronically and written.
Optical discs- an optical discs is a flat, round, portable metal disc with a plastic coating.
Unit 2:
Evolution of Computer System.
Application of computer system
Computers are being used in hospitals to keep record of patients and medicines.
Computers are also being used in government sectors.
Computers are helpful in education.
Banking is totally dependent on computer system.
Computers are primarily used to access the internet.
Computer has a lot of business applications.
Computers are widely used in different fields of engineering.
Computer System are very much useful in defense field.
Computer System are used in planes and ships.
Computer System are also in digital marketing and advertisement.
Computer generations
The third generation-the third generation Computers used the integrated circuits.examples: IBM 370 ,IBM system/360, UNIVAC 1108 and UNIVAC ac 9000.
The fourth generation- The fourth generation Computers used microprocessor.examples: IBM3033,HP3000, Apple, Macintosh,IBM,petium,etc...
The second generation- the second generation Computers replace vacuum tube with transistors.examples:IBM2094 series,IBM1400 series and CDC 164.
The fifth generation- a fifth generation Computers are based on artificial intelligence.examples: CRAY and PARAM 10000.
The first generation- the first generation computer used vacuum tube as a basic components for memory as circuit (CPU). examples:UNIVAC and ENIAC.
Types of computers
Digital- Digital Computers are used to process alphanumeric and graphical data.
Hybrid- Hybrid Computers are the combination of both analog and digital computers.
Analog- analog Computers are Computers that measure physical quantity such as temperature, pressure, length and voltage varations and convert them to numeric value.
Categories of Computer
Game consoles- is a mobile computing device designed for single player or multiplayer video games.
Servers- controls access to the hardware, software and other resources on a network and provides centralized storage area for programs.
Mobile Computers and mobile devices-mobile Computer is a personal computer you can carry place to place and mobile devices is a computing devices small enough to hold in your hand.
Smart phones and PDAS.
PDA.
E- book readers.
Handheld Computers.
Mainframe- is a large, expensive, powerful Computer that can handle hundreds or thousands connected simultaneously.
Personal Computers- a personal computer is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by it self.
Desktop computer
Notebook computer
Super Computers- is the fastest and most powerful computer and the most expensive.
Embedded Computers- is a special purpose computer that function as a component in a larger product.
Unit 3.
Computer Software.
Installing and Running programs-when purchasing software from a retailer,you typically receive a box that includes an optical discs that contains the program.
Application Software- consists of programs designed to make a user more productive and or assist them with personal tasks.
Presentation software- is a application software that allows user to create visual aids for presentation to communicate ideas, message and other information to a group.
Spreadsheet software- allows user to organize data in rows and columns and perform calculation on data.
Word processing software- is used to create, edit, format, and print documents.
Database software- a database is a collection of data organized in manner that allows access, retrieval and used of data.
Software Development-A programmer, sometimes called a computer programmer or a developer,is someone who develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into information.
Computer Software- software are also called program consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose,that tells Computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them.
System software- consists of programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices.
Operating system- is a sets it programs that coordinates all the activities among the computer hardware devices.
Utility programs- allows a user to perform maintenance type tasks usually related to managing a computer.
Unit 4.
Basic computer Skills.
The desktop- the main screen you start from is the desktop this is sort like main menu or a table of contents.
.Button
.Menus
.Icon
.Window
Using the mouse- a mouse is a handheld device that lets you point to
The object on the screen, click them ,then move them.
Holding the mouse.
. Clicking
.Rollover
. Double clicking
. Drag and Drop
Understanding files and folders-
Working with files and folder.
Types of files.
File extension
PDF file
. opening PDF file
. editing PDF file
. creating PDF file
What is a folder - windows uses a folders to help you organized files.
Getting started with your first computer- a computer is more than just another household appliances.
Turning on a computer -the very first step is turn on the computer,make sure all the cables are plugged in correctly and locate the power button,once turn on your computer takes a time before its ready to used you may see few of different displays flash on the screen,that's called booting up it may ready to used or log in require.
The key board and mouse- you interact with computer mainly by using the keyboard and mouse or a trackpod on laptops.
Note:
That the mouse pointer is also called cursor but it is shaped differently the keyboard cursor is also called the insertion point.
Using the keyboard- the keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a computer.
How the keys are organized.
1.Typing ( alphanumeric) keys- this keys include the same number, letter, punctuation and symbol key found on a traditional typewriter.
2.Control keys- this keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform certain actions.
3.Function keys - are used to perform specific tasks.
Navigation keys- this keys are used for moving around in documents or webpages and editing text.
Numeric keypad- the numeric keypad is a handy for entering numbers quickly.
Unit 7.
Network and Internet
The world wide web-- the world wide web is usually called the web for short is a collection of different websites you can access through the internet.
Connecting to the internet- once you've set up your computer,you may want to purchase home internet access so you can send and receive email, browse the web, stream videos and more you may even want to set up a home wireless network, commonly known as WIFI so you can connect multiple devices to the internet at the same time.
Types of internet services
Satellite
Earth
Cable
3G and 4 G
DSL
Hardware needed modern
Dial- up
Router
What is internet- the internet is an increasingly important part of everyday life for people around the world.
What is a network- a network consists of two or more Computer that are linked in order to share resources ( such as printers and CDs) exchange files or allows electronic communication
Two types of network
(LAN) local area network-is a network that confined to a relatively small area.
(WAN) wide area network- connect networks in a larger geographic areas.
What can you do online-there are thousands of ways to keep up with news or shop for anything online, you can pay your bills,manage your bank accounts meet new people,watch TV,or learn new skills you can learn almost do anything online.
Chat and instant messaging
Online media
Social networking
Email
Finding information online
Everyday tasks
Netiquette- is a short form of network etiquette or internet etiquette,it represents the importance of proper manners and behavior online.
14 greats tips for student netiquette
Promote healthy discussion
Use internet resources ethically
Ignore inflammatory comments by trolls
Extead your good nature online
Respect others as equals
Be accurate with factual information
You're here to learn not dictate
Remember your words are permanent
Pause before your post
Make your point in a nice way
Use anonymity responsibility
Write like you'd speak
Good writing is a good manner
Clarity is essential
Unit 6 .
Understanding and working with PowerPoint 2013
Inserting objects-
Charts- a chart is a tool you can used to communicate data graphically.
Smart art graphics- smart art allows you to communicate information with graphics instead of just using text.
To insert smart graphics
To customize smart art
Tables- are another tool you can used to display information in PowerPoint
Modifying tables:
.To resize a table
.To delete a row or column
.To add borders to a table
Reviewing presentation-
Checking spelling and grammar- PowerPoint provides you with several proofing features including the spelling and grammar tool that can help you to produce professional, error-free documents.
Customizing presentation-
Slide master view- is a special feature in PowerPoint allows you to quickly the slides and slide layouts in your presentation.
Using slide master view:
. modify background
. rearrange place holders
. customize text formatting
. create unique slide layouts
Hyperlinks and action buttons
More hyperlinks:
.to insert a hyperlink to another slide
.to insert a hyperlink to another file
Using shapes and pictures as hyperlinks
About hyperlink:
To insert hyperlink
.to insert hyper email address
. to open and test hyperlink
Inserting action buttons:
.to insert an action button on one slide
.to test an action button
.to change the appearance of an action button
Modifying themes just using text
To select new theme fonts
To customize theme fonts
To sellect new theme effects
To apply a background style
To customize colors
To select new theme colors
PowerPoint basic- PowerPoint 2013 is a presentation software that allows you to create dynamic side presentation.
Getting to know PowerPoint 2013:
PowerPoint Interface.
.Quick access toolbar
. Ribbon
. Slide navigation pane
.Ruler
.Slide pane
.Slide number indicator
. Notes
. Slide view option
.Zoom control
. Scroll bar
Working with the PowerPoint environment:
Example of features.
.The ribbon
. Quick access toolbar
Opening PowerPoint 2013- from the start screen locate and select
appear blank presentation and then a new presentation will appear.
Creating and opening presentation
Using templates
Saving
Slides basic
Text basics
Applying transistions
Exciting
Dynamic content
Subtitle
Managing slides
Slide note
Slide sections
Outline view
Play slide show
Reading view
Normal view
Printing
Print- layout
Notes
Outline
Full- page slides
Handouts
Presenting your slide show
Applying themes
Text and object
Formatting pictures
To crop an image
To remove background from an image
Shapes and wood art
To insert a shape
To change the shape and style
To add or modify text effect
To change the shape fill color
To apply a wood art style to text
To change the shape outline
Inserting pictures
To resize a picture
To delete a picture
To select a picture
To insert screenshot of a window
To insert a picture from a file
Animating text objects
4 types of animation
1.entrance
2.emphasis
3.exit
4.motion path
Indents and line spacing
To indent using the indent markers
To change the bullet spacing
To indent text
To format line spacing
Lists
Modifying the lists appearance
To modify a number list
To modify the size and color
To modify bullet style
Input 8.
Using E- Mail
Contacts and calendars- in addition to email services,most webmail providers offer an online calendar and address book.
Adding contacts- you can also add information, like phon numbers, birthdays and physicall addresses
Understand the email interface
Message pane
Compose pane
Inbox
Sending and receiving email with attachments
Sending email:
1 .in the left menu pane click the compose button.
The compose window will appear in the lower right corner of the page.
You'll need to add one or more recipients to the field.
Type a subject for the message.
5 .in the body field type your message where inbox your done (click send)
Adding attachment- an attachment is a simply a file ( like an image or document) that is sent along with your email.
Adding signature- a signature is an optional block of text appears after every email you send.
Common email features- no matter which email service you choose, you'll need to learn how to interact with an email Interface, including the inbox,the message pane and the compose pane.
Setting up a Gmail account
Signing in to account
Creating account
Email etiquette and safety
Know you email tools
Keep it brief
Reply with caution
Edit your messages
Watch your tone
Don't shout
Use priority flags with discretion
Avoid offensive comments
Sign
Don't assume privacy
Introduction to email
Email ( electronic mail) is a way to send and receive messages across the internet.
Email advantages.
1.productivity tools
2.access to web services
3.easy mail management
Privacy
Communication with multiple people
Accessible anywhere at any time