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Devolution - Coggle Diagram
Devolution
Devolution in Scotland
in 1979 - voted 52% in favour for devolution. Only 32% of electorate voted though and the threshold was 40%
1997 (no threshold) 74% voted in favour of devolution and 63.5% in favour of varying tax power. 60% turnout
Holyrood has 129 MP via AMS with 73 seats allocated under FPTP and 56 allocated via PR. Elections held every 5 years
Scotland Act 1998
primary legislative power in law, health, education, transport, environment, economic development
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Devolution in Wales
1997 50.3% in favour of devolution. 50.1% turnout rate. Difference in questions highlights asymmetric devolution
60 seats elected through AMS and 40 seats allocated under FPTP and 20 via PR. Elections every 5 years
Wales Act 1998
executive functions in agriculture, culture, economic development, education, health
making regulations, rule and order, financial assistance
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Wales Act 2014
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powers over stamp duty, land tax and landfill tax
Wales Act 2017
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fracking, rail franchising and road signs
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Problems with Devolution
2004 Referendum in the N.East proved a lack of support for devolution in England. overwhelmingly against 696000 = no
referendums on mayors given as a part of coalition agreement proved otherwise divisive. 9 cities rejected mayors in May 2012, 3 said yes
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devolution meant to stabilise but its more fragile than before. is there a renewed demand for independence and breaking up of the union?
N.Ire problems
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'Peace Walls' in Belfast and recent problems surrounding the rise of nationalism complicated devolution in N.Ire
Devolution in England
Local Government
already a great deal of powers devolved to different local authorities from the lowest of borough councils to unitary authorities eg Greater London Authority
Greater London Authority has London Mayor and assembly Mayor set budget & determine policy for the authority with extensive powers shared alongside the Assembly it such as housing, transport and health
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Metro Mayors
Andy Burnham has extensive power like Sadiq Khan able to deal with housing, transport, waste management skills and health budgets.
metro Mayors have been introduced despite low support and improved powers and responsibility on local councils
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Local Authorities
responsibility of education, roads, housing, social services, leisure service
increasing powers but falling short of dealing with taxes. Can raise revenues through council tax revenues
Devolution Deal 2014
more power to legislate to local needs but must be acountable so elected mayors to work with local councils
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Summary
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exist as a unitary state which means sovereignty remains at Westminister and at any point P can impose a direct rule
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