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Interspecific interactions - Coggle Diagram
Interspecific interactions
Predation
+Lion
refers to a +/- interaction between species in which one species, the predator, kills and eats the other, the prey. Though the term predation generally elicits such images as a lion attacking and eating an antelope, it applies to a wide range of interactions.
-Zebra
Herbivory
Zebra+
Ecologists use the term herbivory to refer to a +/- interaction in which an organism eats parts of a plant or alga.
Plants -
Parasitism
is a +/- symbiotic interaction in which one or ganism, the parasite, derives its nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process.
Cat-
Lice +
Mutualism
Mutualistic symbiosis, or mutualism, is an interspecific in teraction that benefits both species (+/+). nitrogen fixation by bacteria in the root nodules of legumes; the diges tion of cellulose by microorganisms in the digestive systems of termites and ruminant mammals; the exchange of nutri ents in mycorrhizae, associations of fungi and the roots of plants; and photosynthesis by unicellular algae in corals.
Corals +
Unicellular algae +
Commensalism
An interaction between species that benefits one of the species but neither harms nor helps the other (+10) is called commensalism. Commensal interactions are difficult to document in nature because any close association between species likely affects both species, even if only slightly.
Turtle (blue)
Algae +
Facilitation
Species can have positive effects (+/+ or 0/+) on the survival and reproduction of other species without necessarily living in the direct and intimate contact of a symbiosis.
Junco tree (Blue)
Various plants +