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Benefits or costs of hard engineering - Coggle Diagram
Benefits or costs of hard engineering
Sea walls
Benefits
Social: A sea wall gives the community a sense of security
Economic: If well maintained, sea walls can last for many years.
Environmental: Sea walls do not impede the movement of sediment downdrift, so the don't harm any other areas.
Costs
Social: They restrict peoples access to the beach
Economic: About £5,000 per linear metre, they are expensive to build.
Environmental: The wall of concrete is ugly to look at. They can also destroy habitats.
Groynes
Benefits
Economic: 5,000 each
Social: Rock groynes have concrete crests to walk along or fish from
Costs
Economic: Trap sediment
Environmental: Groynes may be considered unsightly
Social: Barriers which impede walking along a beach
Rock armour
costs
Highly resistant and rocks are imported from abroad
Rock armour is ugly and can be littered with driftwood
Makes the beach difficult to reach
benefits
Economic: relatively cheap
versatile
quick and easy to build and maintain
Gabions
costs
they are dangerous when in a damaged state
gabions is restricted to sand beaches
damaged gabions are unsightly and sea birds may damage their feet on them
benefits
Blend in better than the other hard engineering methods
$110 a metre, they are relatively cheap and easy to construct