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ATOMS
The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its…
ATOMS
The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
STRUCTURES
In this lesson, I have learned the three structures of the atom.
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MODELS
In this lesson, I have learned different models that was discovered by different scientists.
NUCLEAR MODEL
ERNEST RUTHERFORD
He theorized that atoms have small, dense, positively charged center, which he called ‘nucleus’. He said that nucleus is tiny compared to the atom as a whole, because atom is mostly open space. He concluded that the negatively charged particles are scattered outside the nucleus at a distance.
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PLANETARY MODEL
NIELS BOHR
He built a on the concept that the mass of an atom is contained mostly in the nucleus. He also theorized that electrons move in definite orbits around the nucleus, much like planets circle the sun. These orbits, or energy levels, are located at certain distances from the nucleus.
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PLUM PUDDING MODEL
J.J THOMSON
He discovered the presence of negative particle in the atom – the electron. His theory was that atoms are made from a positively charged substance with negatively charged electrons scattered about like raisins in a pudding or chocolate chips in a cookie.
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QUANTUM MODEL
ERWIN SCHRODINGER
According to today’s atomic theory, electrons do not orbit the nucleus in the neat planet-like orbits but move at high speeds in an electron cloud around the nucleus. In the electron cloud, electron whirl around the nucleus billions of times in one second. They are not moving around in random patterns; an electron’s location depends upon how much energy electron has.
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SOLID SPHERE MODEL
JOHN DALTON
He theorized that all matter is made of atoms. Atoms are too small to see, “uncuttable”, and indestructible. All atoms of a given element are exactly alike and atoms of different elements are different.
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FUNDAMENTAL CHEMICAL LAWS
In this lesson, I have learned the three laws or the foundation of chemistry.
LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
This law states that if a compound is broken down into its constituent elements, the masses of the constituents will always have the same proportions, regardless of the quantity or source of the original substance.
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LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS
This law states that the weights of one element that combine with a fixed weight of another of these elements are integer multiples of one another.
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LAW OF CONSERVATION MASS
This law says that when a chemical reaction rearranges atoms into a new product, the mass of the reactants is the same as the mass of the products.
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ANCIENT GREEKS
In this lesson, I have learned the ideal of Democritus and learned that Aristotle and Plato disagreed with him and there are people also disagreed with the two that their theory are wrong.
DEMOCRITUS
All matter is made of tiny,
indestructible units called
ATOMOS
ARISTOTLE
AND
PLATO
Completely disagreed with Democritus. Public opinion sided with these guys that all matter was made of EARTH, AIR, WATER AND FIRE
DIFFERENT
KINDS OF AN ATOM
In this lesson, I have learned
two kinds of atom.
IONS
Atoms with extra or missing electrons are called ions. They have a positive or negative electric charge and are responsible for many chemical reactions.
ISOTOPES
Every atom is a chemical element, like hydrogen, iron or chlorine. Every element has cousins called isotopes. These have a different number of neutrons, but are otherwise the same. Having excess neutrons may make isotopes radioactive.
ALCHEMY
In this lesson, I have learned that alchemy is investigation of nature and an early philosophical and spiritual practices that combined chemistry and metal work.
I have learned that 'alchemy' is connected to
witchcraft, sorcery, mythical creatures, and mystical images.
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Paracelsus
who believed that the body’s organs worked as a purifier – that is to separate impure substances in the body from pure ones.
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