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DT Extra Revision , BOARDS, PAPER, Flexography , WOOD, METALS, PLASTICS, …
DT Extra Revision
Seals
Envelope seals - Self seal envelopes use two strips of adhesive to seal closed
Peal and seal also have two strips of adhesive, but one is covered by a strip of paper, to seal just remove one strip and press two sides together
These seals are very strong and cannot be broken without tearing envelope. Used for confidential information
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Glue sticks - non toxic, envirmentally friendly cheap Spray adhesive - for mounting photos' on paper or card
Binding
Perfect binding - Pages are folded together in to sections, the edge of the sections are roughened and then glued to the spine of the book
Thread Sewing - This is more expensive, paper is sewn together in sections then a soft cover is glued on
Case or hard bound is doen same as thread sewing
BOARDS
Solid white board
High quality bleached surface - good for printing - used for primary packaging (packing individual items)
Ink jet card
Used for ink jet printing - it used so the ink doesn't bleed - Allows image to be highly defined and and of a high quality
Corrugated card
Fluted inner cores sandwiched together, between two pieces of "liner" This adds strength and rigidity Good for secondary packaging
Duplex Board
Has different color and texture on each side. Often used when only one side is seen, so that only one side has to be able to be used for printing. Often used for food packaging
Foam Core Board
Is made by sandwiching polystyrene between two pieces of thin card. It is stiff and lightweight. Good for making models, and mounting posters. It can be scored
Foil-Lined Board
Board lined with aluminum foil, used for packing food as the foil keeps the flavor in, and air and moisture out
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PAPER
Layout Paper
Transparent Paper, translucent, you can see light through it, general design work
Cartridge Paper
High quality and textured surface, Great for sketches, with pencils, ink and crayons
Tracing Paper
Name speaks for itself, Semi transparent, used for copying
Grid Paper
Squares or a isometric pattern printed on it
Squares - Orthographic or scale drawings
Isometric - For isometric drawings
Bleed Proof Paper
Used for by designers when using felt tip pens and marker pins, The ink does not spread, it stays put
Its not paper when it is 200gsm, board is often used in packaging because of its low cost compared to strength to weight ratio
Flexography
PRINTING
Lithography
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Uses oil based ink and water. Ultravoilet light is used to transfer the image onto a smooth almunium printing plate - the image are gets coated with a chemical that attracts the ink but repels the water
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Offset Lithography
In offset lithography the image is printed onto a rubber blanket cylender which squeezes away the water and transfers the ink to paper
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Gravure
It uses a brass etching plate. Meaning the image is lower than the surface of of the plate and the ink fills the etched bits
Expensive to set up but its really fast and ideal for large print runs - Million copies - Higher quality than lithography - Postage stamps, pics in books and colorful magazines
Screen Printing
a stencil is put under a fire mesh screen, and a ink is spread of the top, the ink goes through the stencil and stains the material underneath - a low cost process - short period prints - where fine detail is not needed
Digital Printing
Done using a inkjet and laser printers - No printing plates so less fiddly - More expensive per sheet, but cheaper for short print runs, as no need to set up lithography press - Posters, flyers, digital pics
Use four colors in layers - Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black, anything printed is made up in these colors
The K stands for the key, you can make the black using the other three colors but the using black ink makes the image better
Some printers use special spot colors, to achieve colors that cannot be achieved with CMYK
No set order in which the colors are put down, most do CMYK but others to YMCk, lightest to darkest
Uses a printing plate made out of flexible rubber or plastic. You can print onto surfaces that are not exactly flat. It is quicker than lithography and the printing plates last longer, used for over 5000, packaging, wallpaper and carrier bags
WOOD
Hardwoods
Oak
Light brown, tough durable and very strong, it has attractive grain markings and finishes very well thus it is used for furniture, indoor paneling or floors does corrode steel screws and fittings.
Mahogany
Reddish brown color - Its durable and easy to work , but it is expensive so used for high quality furniture
Beech
Pinkish brown, its hard enough to resist being dented, can be bent using steam, used for chairs and toys
Balsa
High strength to weight ratio, very good for modelling, low density and very soft, making it easy to cut. White or tan color
Ash
Is a pale cream color, Tough and absorbs shock well, used for tool handles or wooden sports equipment, also is attractive so used for furniture
Softwoods
Pine
Yellow with brown streaks strong and cheap - but knotty so it makes it hard to work with, used for telegraph poles, fences and cheap furniture
Spruce
Reddish brown color - Hard and good strength to weight ratio - knotty and not very durable - used for structural purposes, aircrafts, crates and ship masts
Larch
Attractive yellow to reddish brown color, harder, tougher and more durable that most softwoods. Resistant to rot which makes it good for decking and cladding the outside of fence posts
METALS
Ferrous
Cast iron
Very strong if compressed, but brittle and not malleable -
used for manhole covers, car brake disks and bench vices
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High Carbon steel
Harder than low carbon steel, can be hardened, but harder to work with and it rusts
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Non-Ferrous
Aluminum
Lightweight and corrosive-resistant but is expensive and not as strong as steel, but steel rusts. Hard to join
Used for aero planes, cans and ladders
Brass
Quite strong, corrosion resistant
malleable ductile and looks nice
Electrical parts, door handles, taps
Copper
Relatively soft, malleable, ductile and very good conductor
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Tin
Soft, corrosion-resistant, malleable and ductile. Low melting point
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Zinc
Not very strong, corrosive resistant
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PLASTICS
Thermoforming Plastics
Acrylic(PMMA)
Hard stiff and shiny, resists weather well, Can be used to make motorcycle helmet visors, baths, and signs. Quite brittle
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Polyvinyl Chlorine(PVC)
Rigid and fairly Cheap and durable, used for blister packs, window frames, vinyl records and some clothing
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Polypropene
Quite tough and flexible. Can be made by a wide variety of bright colors. Used for chairs, as it is flexible so thus comfortable
They do not resist heat well, thus easily formed, easy to recycle
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