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COMP.101, Control keys, enter data into the worksheet. - Coggle Diagram
COMP.101
UNIT 1: Introduction to Computer
COMPUTER
Four basic operation performed by computer
Input: can accept data
Output: produce result
Process:process data according to specified rules
Storage: store the result for further use
Operate under control of instruction stored in its own memory
Is an electronic device
Computer manipulate data to create information
Data
Collection of unprocessed items
images
numbers
text
videos
Information
conveys meaning
The people who use the computer directly or use the information it provides are called:
End user
Users
Computer user
Block Diagram of Computer System
Memory Unit
Secondary Storage
Primary Memory
Control Unit(CU)
Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU)
Output Unit
Result
Input Unit
Program and Data
operation computer that can perform
output the result of the processed data
process the data and information
store data and information into the memory
accept the data and information supplied by the user.
Types of Functional Unit
Computer System
Software
Hardware
Input Unit
Output Unit
Memory Unit
Control Unit
Arithmetic and Logic Unit
The Components of a Computer
System Unit
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
Control UNIT
Arithmetic and Logic Unit(ALU)
Primary Memory/Main Memory
Secondary Memory
Input Devices
keyboard
pointing devices
card readers
scanning devices
web camera
joystick
microphone
Output Devices
speaker
plotters
monitors
printers
Storage Devices
flash memory
cloud storage
optical discs
hard disk
ADVANTAGES
speed
consistency
reliability
storage
communication
DISADVANTAGES
public safety
health risks
impact of labor force
violation of privacy
Unit: Unit 2 :
Evolution of Computer Systems
Types of Computers & its Applications
Digital
Hybrid
Analog
Application of Computer System
Computers are primarily used to access the internet.
Computers are helpful in education. Various educational institutions are using computers to educate the students.
Computers are being used in hospitals to keep record of patients and medicines
Computer has a lot of business applications e.g. billing, maintaining employee records, payroll calculations etc.
Computers are widely used in different fields of engineering e.g. civil engineering, mechanical engineering, automobile engineering, industrial engineering etc.
Computer systems are very much useful in defense field. Computers are largely used in modern weapons and missile control system.
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Summary of Computer Generations
Categories of Computers
personal computers (desktop), mobile computers and mobile devices, game consoles, servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and embedded computers.
Personal Computers
a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself.
personal computer contains a processor, memory, and one or more input, output, and storage devices.
Personal computers also often contain a communications device.
Two types of personal computer
Desktop Computer
Mobile Computer
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is a designed so that the system unit, input devices, output devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table. In many models, the system unit is a tall and narrow tower, which can sit on the floor vertically — if desktop space is limited.
Computer Generations
the change in computer based on varying hardware technology, but nowadays, generation includes both hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system.
First Generation
used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit)
Example of First Generation Computers
The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers
Advantages
Vacuum tube technology made possible to make electronic digital computers.
These computers could calculate data in millisecond.
Disadvantages
First generation computers had limited programming capabilities; they used only machine language and were very slow in speed.
They were heated very soon due to thousands of vacuum tubes and were consumed a large amount of energy, therefore air conditioning was required.
First generation computers were not portable as they were very large in size, not reliable, and they required lots of maintenance.
Second Generation
The second generation computers replaced vacuum tube with transistors, thus the size of the computers of second generation was decreased as compared to first generation computers.
Example of Second Generation Computers
The IBM 7094 series, IBM 1400 series and CDC 164
Advantages
Disadvantages
Air conditioning was required for cooling, Maintenance was required,
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Second generation computers were faster, reliable and smaller as compared to First generation computers.
Second generation computers consumed less electricity and generate less heat as compared to first generation computers.
Third Generation
The third generation computers used the integrated circuits (IC).
Example of Third Generation Computers
IBM 370, IBM System/360, UNIVAC 1108 and UNIVAC AC 9000
Advantages
Disadvantages
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Less maintenance required thus cost has been reduced considerably.
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Fourth Generation
The fourth generation computers used the microprocessor.
Example of Fourth Generation Computers
IBM 3033, HP 3000, PDP ± 11 and CYBER ± 205, Apple, Macintosh, IBM, Pentium
Advantages
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Fifth Generation
Fifth generation computers are based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, and scientists are constantly working to increase the processing power of computers.
Example of Fifth Generation Computers
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UNIT 4: BASIC COMPUTER SKILL
getting started with your first computer
turning on the computer
plugged all the cable correctly
locate the power button
Bootting Up
displays flash on the screen
it may require to log in
typing password
identifying yourself by typing your username
selecting profile
The Keyboard and Mouse
Mouse
a handled device that lets you point to objects on the screen,click and move them.
Holding The Mouse
place your thumb on the desk or the tabletop on the left side of the mouse
your index finger should rest on the left button of the mouse
place the middle finger on the right button of the mouse
your ring finger and little finger should rest on the right side of the mouse
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Activities to practice the various task to perform with the mouse
double clicking
drag and drop
rollover
clicking
The Keyboard
Keyboard is the main ways to communicate with a computer
How the keys are organized
typing (alphanumeric) keys
include same letter,number,punctuation and symbols keys
The Desktop
Icon
Window
a contain area-like a picture within a picture-with is own menus and buttons specific to that program
Menu
Button
command that performs a specific function within an application.
organized collections of commands and shortcuts.
used to represent the different files, application and commands in computer
Customize Desktop Background
Right clicking the desktop and selecting personalize
Then select desktop background
By default you'll see the images that were included with the computer.
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Working with Files and Folder
Different types of Files
Digital Videos
Digital Photos
Digital Music
Microsoft World Documents
Understanding File Extensions
A three or four letter identifier found at the end of a file name and ff. a period.
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PDF Files
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pointer
cursor
a flashing vertical line
track pad
the one interact the computer by moving the mouse pointer
another way to move the pointer in the screen
UNIT 3: COMPUTER SOFTWARE
SOFTWARE or PROGRAM
tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them
Icon
a miniature image that represents a program an instruction or other object.
Graphical User Interface
interact the software using text,graphics,and visual image like icon.
TWO CATEGORIES of SOTWARE
System Software
control the operations of the computer and its devices
Two Types of System Software
Operating Software
provide user to communicate with the computer and other software
set of program that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices.
Many of Today's Computer
Microsoft Windows
MAC OS
apple operating system
Utility Program
allows user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer ,its devices or its program.
Installing
process of setting up software to work with the compute,printer and other hardware.
installing additional software from an optical disc
insert the program disc in an optical disc drive
follow instruction to begin inatallation
install download software
web site typically proved instruction how to install the program on the hard disk.
running program
instruct the computer to run an installed program
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the computer can carry out or execute the instruction in the programs so that you can use the program.
Application Software
design to make user more productive and or assist them with personal task including personal information management.
Word Processing Software
to create
to format
to edit
to print
ADVANTAGES
user can easily make changes in documents such as:
relocating words or paragraph
correcting spelling
adding
changing margins
deleting
Presentation Software
allow user to create visual aids for presentation
messages
other information to a group
to communicate ideas
Database Software
Allows user to create access and manage a database. Using database software we can:
sort and retrieve
delete data
change
add
create forms
repost
Software Development
Computer Programmer or Developer
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Unit: Unit 7
Network and Internet
Network
Two very common types of networks
Local Area Network (LAN)
a network that is confined to a relatively small area.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
networks in larger geographic areas,
Internet
Types of Internet service
DSL
Cable
connects to the Internet via cable TV
uses broadband connection and can be faster than both dial-up and DSL service;
Satellite
uses broadband but does not require cable
or phone lines
connects to the Internet through satellites orbiting the Earth.
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Dial-up
the slowest type of Internet connection, and you
should probably avoid it unless it is the only service available in your area.
uses phone line
3G and 4G
used with mobile phones,
and it connects wirelessly through your ISP's network.
uses a broadband connection,
which makes it much faster than dial-up.
connects to the Internet via a
phone line
Hardware needed
Modem
Router
hardware device that allows you to connect several computers and other
devices
The Web
a collection of
different websites you can access through the Internet.
made up of related
text, images, and other resources.
different web browsers
Internet Explorer,
Google Chrome
Safari
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Using a web browser
a type of software that allows you to find and view websites on the
Internet.
URLs and the address bar
(Uniform Resource Locator)
Links
a word or phrase on a website that's blue or underlined in blue
used to navigate the Web
Downloading files
Save Link As
Saving images
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Downloading and uploading
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Converting files to Google Docs format
Locate and double-click the file you want to edit.
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Using search engines
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Unit: Unit 8
Using E-Mail
Introduction to Email
Getting to know email
a way to send and receive messages across the Internet.
Email advantages
Productivity tools
Easy mail management
Communication with multiple people
Accessible anywhere at any time
Privacy
Access to web services:
Understanding email addresses
user name
email provider
the website that hosts your email account.
About email providers
Anyone can
use these services, no matter who provides their Internet access.
Webmail providers
allow you to
access your email account from anywhere with an Internet connection.
Yahoo!, Microsoft's Outlook.com
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Email application
This software can be used with any email
provider but is most commonly used by organizations that host their own email.
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Getting started with email
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Common Email Features
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the name you choose to identify yourself.
Creating Account
Google account is needed to access Gmail
Setting up a Gmail account
Go to www.gmail.com.
Click Create account.
The sign-up form will appear. Follow the directions by entering the required
information.
Next, enter your phone number to verify your account. Google uses a two-
step verification process for your security.
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Signing in to your account
Go to www.gmail.com.
Type your user name (your email address) and password, then click Next.
To sign out
In the top-right corner of the page, locate the circle that has your first initial (if you've
already selected an avatar image, it will show the image instead).
To sign out, click the
circle and select Sign out.
Contacts and Calendars
Adding contacts
Click the Google apps button.
Click the Contacts button in the drop-down menu.
Your contacts screen will appear. Click the Add new contact button in the lower-right corner.
Enter the contact information, then click Save.
Understanding the email interface
Inbox
where you'll view and manage emails you receive. Emails are listed with the
name of the sender, the subject of the message, and the date received.
Message pane
you
you can read the message and choose how to respond with a variety of commands.
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UNIT 6: Understanding and Working with PowerPoint 2013
PowerPoint Basics
Allows to create dynamic slide presentation included:
Narration
Animation
Images
Videos
Opening PowerPoint 2013
From the start screen
Locate and select Blank Presentation
A new presentation will appear
Getting to know PowerPoint 2013
Ribbon
Slide Navigation Pane
Allows to view and organized the slides in the presentation..
Slide View Options
Contains four ways to view a presentation. Click the command to select the desire view.
Ruler
Located at the top and to the left of your current slide. it makes easy to align and text and object in the slide.
Zoom Control
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Slide Pane
Used to view and edit the selected slide.
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Contains all command need to perform common tasks in PowerPoint. Has multiple tabs.
Notes
Help to deliver or prepare for the presentation.
Quick Access Toolbar
Access common commands and customized the commands depending on the preference.
Slide Number Indicator
Contains total number of slide in the presentation and which slide you are viewing.
Working with the PowerPoint Environment
Ribbon
Exploring the Ribbon
You need to move between tabs to perform common asks in PowerPoint.
Find the right command to make PowerPoint easier to use.
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HOME TAB
gives access to commonly use command
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INSERT
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Contains multiple tabs, each which several group of commands to perform the common task in PowerPoint
The Quick Access Toolbar
located just above the Ribbon
Common Commands
undo
start presentation
save
The Ruler, guides, and gridlines
Backstage View
gives various options for saving, opening, printing, and sharing your presentations.
To access Backstage view
Click the File tab on the Ribbon.
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these tools make it easier to align objects on your slides. Simply click the check boxes in the Show group on the View tab to show and hide these tools.
To add commands to the Quick Access toolbar:
Click the drop-down arrow to the right of the Quick Access toolbar
Select the command you want to add from the drop-down menu. To choose from more commands, select More Commands.
The command will be added to the Quick Access toolbar
Creating and Opening Presentations
To create a new presentation
Select the File tab to go to Backstage view.
Select New on the left side of the window, then click Blank Presentation or choose a theme
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To open an existing presentation:
Select the File tab to go to Backstage view
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If you've opened the desired presentation recently, you can browse your Recent Presentations instead of searching for the file.
Using templates
a predesigned presentation you can use to create a new slide show quickly
To create a new presentation from a template
Click the File tab to access Backstage view.
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Saving
To create a new presentation in PowerPoint, you'll need to know how to save in order to access and edit it later.
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To save a presentation
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Control keys
Function Keys
used to perform specific task
f1,f2,f3,f4,f5,f6,f7,f8,f9,f10,f11, and f12
Navigation Keys
used for moving around in documents or web page and editing text.
Page Down
Home
Page Up
Insert
Arrow keys
End
Delete
Numeric Keypad
for entering number quickly
conventional calculator
adding machine
Typing Text
a blinking vertical line called cursor or insertion point
How to use typing text
TAB
CAPSLOCK
SHIFT
Press shift in combination with a letter to type an uppercase letter.
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Press caps lock once to type all letters as uppercase.
Press caps lock again to turn his function off
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ENTER
SPACEBAR
BACKSPACE
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Press the spacebar to move the cursor one space forward
Press enter to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line.
Press enter to select the highlighted button
Press tab to move the cursor several spaces forward.
Press tab to move to the next text box on a form.
Using Keyboard Shortcut
Alt + F4
Alt + Tab
Window Logo Key
Open the start menu
Switch between open programs or windows
Ctrl + S
Ctrl + C
Copy the selected item
Ctrl + X
Ctrl + V
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Cute the selected item
Save the current file or document (works in most program)
Close the active item, exit the active program
Using Navigation Keys
HOME
LEFT ARROW,RIGHT ARROW,UP ARROW,DOWN ARROW
Move the cursor or selection one space or line in the directions of the arrow, or scroll a webpage in the direction of the arrow.
END
Ctrl + HOME
Ctrl + END
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Move to the top of the document
Move the cursor to the end of a line or move to the buttom of the webpage.
Move the cursor to he end of a line or move the top o a webpage.
Using the numeric keypad
Three odd keys
ScrLk(Scroll Lock)
Pause/Break
PrtScn(Print Screen)
Tips for using your keyboard safely
Center your keyboard in front of you. If your keyboard has a numeric keypad, you can use the spacebar as the centering point.
While typing, use a light touch and keep your wrist straight.
Place your keyboard at elbow level. Your upper arm should be relaxed at your side.
When you're not typing, relax your arms and hand.
Type with your hands and wrist floating above the keyboard, so that you can use your whole arm to reach for distant keys instead of stretching your fingers.
Take short break from computer use every 15 to 20 minutes.
Avoid resting your palms or wrist on any type of surface while typing. If your keyboard has a palm rest. Use it only during breaks from typing
These keys are used alone or in combination with other keys to perform certain action.
CTRL
ALT
ESC.
WINDOWS LOGOS KEYS
enter data into the worksheet.
If necessary, click and drag the lower-right corner of the blue line to increase or decrease the data range for rows and columns. Only the data enclosed by the blue lines will appear in the chart.
When you're done, click the X to close the spreadsheet. The chart will be completed.
You can also click the Insert Chart command in a placeholder to insert a new chart.