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2013 Area of Origin - migrant European residents (1), Africa, 8.9M, 12%,…
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Latin America & Caribbean, 4.5M, 6%
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Between 1970's and the 1990's, guest-work programs have ended, allowing workers to permanently settle in Europe, and invite their families as part of reunification. Areas mostly affected were: North Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe.
Overview of immigration trends in Europe, 1970-2010 (4)
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Between 1990's and 2010, many low-skilled laborer's from Eastern European countries settled in the EU. Additionally, the Schengen zone helped high-skilled workers travel between European signatory countries.
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During the 90's, unrest in the Middle east and Africa helped drive migration from those areas to Europe
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2013 Area of Origin - new arrivals, top 15 countries outside of EU (2)
Migration to Europe, 1970-2020 by Lawrence and Pawel
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Please note that there are many competing and fragmented pieces of information regarding European migration. Some issues are:
1) Migration within Europe is not consistently defined. Some studies do not refer to inter-European movement of people as migration.
2) Europe is not consistently defined. Sometimes it refers to EU nations, and sometimes to the continent at-large. Comparing these numbers must take that point into account.
3) Certain political changes have caused various peoples to be reclassified - most impactful were the Schengen zone, the breakup of USSR and its satellites, as well as Brexit (5).
4) Most data before 1990 is incomplete and cannot be easily obtained.
Therefore, in order to have some semblance of standardization, only data in the last decade will show numerical mapping; all other data will be shown as an overview.
Works cited:
1) UN. (2013). International migrant stock 2013: By destination and origin. UN.org. United Nations Population Division | Department of Economic and Social Affairs
2) European Commission. (2015).Immigration to the EU.EC.immigration-in-EU-def-v26-Web (europa.eu)
3) European Commission. (2019).Migration to and from the EU.EC. Statistics on migration to Europe | European Commission (europa.eu)
4) Migration Data Portal.(2021). Migration data in Europe. Migration data in Europe | Migration data portal
5) Eur-lex. (2000).The Schengen acquis - Agreement between the Governments of the States of the Benelux Economic Union, the Federal Republic of Germany and the French Republic on the gradual abolition of checks at their common borders. EUR-Lex - 42000A0922(01) - EN - EUR-Lex (europa.eu)
6) Sander, N, Abel, G & Bauer, A. (2014). The Global Flow of People. Global international migration flows | Wittgenstein Centre (bund.de)