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36 DIALOGIC TEXTS: STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS - Coggle Diagram
36
DIALOGIC TEXTS: STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS
Types of texts
Argument
Exposition
Description
Dialogue
Narration
Dialogic texts
: conversation, communication or exchange of information between 2+ speakers.
Oral realization
Written realization
Formal conventions of spoken language
Central phase
Topic change
: discourse markers
Turn-taking
Verbal signals
Back-channel signals: question tags
Turn over signals
Non-verbal signals
pre-empt signals
Closing phase
Opening phase
Characteristics of conversations
: people engage into conversations to fulfill a purpose
Implicature
: when a herarer judges that the speaker has intentionally flouted one of the maxims
The Speech Act theory
Illocutionary: function
Directive
: get the listener to do something
Expressive
: the speaker expresses feelings and attitudes
Declarative
: change the state of affairs in the world
Representative
: the speaker describes states or events in the world
Commisive
: commit the speaker to doing something in the future
Perlocutionary: reaction
Locutionary: form
The cooperative principle
Maxim of
quality
: speak truthfully
Maxim of
relevance
: make contributions that are pertinent
Maxim of
quantity
: give as much information as is needed
Maxim of
manner
: be clear, brief and orderly
Conversational analysis: the structure of dialogues
Turn taking
The next turn goes to the person who speaks first
The next turn goes to the current speaker, if he resumes before anyone else speaks
The next turn goes to the person addressed by the current speaker
Sequential organization of talk
Opening conversations:
summons-answer sequence
Closing conversations
Adjacency pairs
: utterances produced by two different speakers in which the second utterance is identified as an expected follow-up to the first
Greeting - greeting
Offer - acceptance/rejection
Farewell - farewell
Question - answer
Compliment - acceptance/rejection
Request - grant
Complaint - apology/denial/excuse
Summons - answer