Gravity
Gravity affects all objects the same when they are in free fall, differences only coming from differences in air resistance.
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Air resistance
Air resistance in environments with friction allow for the existence in free fall of terminal velocity.
Terminal Velocity
Terminal velocity is when an object reaches their highest velocity possible while in free fall.
Free Fall
In Free Fall on Earth the force of gravity pulls objects down at 9.8 m/s, which is the speed.
Speed
Speed is a large factor with deciding the distance, but the linear change in position is always the same, this is displacement.
displacement
Gravity can not be changed on earth, so it is a fundamental force.
Fundamental forces can not be derived from others, the force generated from two objects rubbing together is not a fundamental force, this force is friction.
Friction
Friction is the main reason why objects do not move forever, this tendency for objects to continue motion is inertia.
Inertia is directly connect to the law that says "An object at rest or in motion will remain at rest or in motion until acted upon by an external force." This is Newtons 1st Law.
inertia
Newtons First Law
Newtons First Law is one of three laws, the second is called Newtons Second Law.
Newtons Second Law states that an objects force is proportional to the acceleration multiplied by the mass.
Gravity is the main force which allows for the existence of Gravitational Potential Energy.
mass
Mass is often confused for a different force because of its units, but the unit Newtons is what is used for the force it is often confused for, which is weight.
weight
Gravitational Potential Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy is transferred into a different energy when the object is put into motion, usually falling or going down a ramp. This is Kinetic Energy.
Kinetic Energy
With KE and PE (thermal when friction is involved) they will always sum to the same number throughout the system as the total energy of the system will remain the same as stated by the conservation of mechanical energy theorem.
conservation of mechanical energy theroem
Displacement is one of the factors used inf the equation W=Fx where displacement and force are multiplied to find work
work
When work is added together through a system the sum of all the work done is considered the Net Work.
Net Work
The conservation of mechanical energy theorem deals with the total energy of a system where this total energy including the kinetic and potential energy is called Mechanical Energy
Mechanical Energy
Gravity is considered a Internal Force.
Internal Force
An Internal Force is a force which are forces that are in the object or between the objects in the system, the opposite of this is an external force.
External Force
An External Force are forces that affect the system from the outside this is like a car hitting another when they were not originally coming together, this is also an example of an Inelastic collision.
Inelastic Collision
Inelastic Collisions do not rebound elastically and often deform the objects, when an object rebounds and keeps its shape this is an Elastic collision.
Elastic Collision
In Elastic Collisions the Momentum is conserved.
Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of momentum allows for the momentum of the total system in an elastic collision to be equal at the end with the initial momentum.
momentum