A Global Conflict
War Affects the Home Front
War Affects the world
The Gallipoli Campaign
The Allies have a promising strategy to attack
The Allies Win the War
Change
The Ottoman Empire known as the Dardanelles
Narrow sea strait was the gateway to the Ottoman Capital
Constinople
British, Australian, New Zealand, and French troops made many assaults on the Gallipoli Peninsula
If the Allies could secure the dardanelles they believed that they could take Constantinople, defeat the Turks, and establish a supply line to Russia
When the US joined the Allies the war had already been raging for around 3 years.
Gallipoli had turned into another bloody stalemate
On the western side of the strait German officers defended this region
In those 3 years, Europe had lost more men in battle than in all wars.
The war had claimed the lives of millions and had changed many lives forever.
Both sides dug trenches and battles for the rest of the year
The Great War didn't only touch the soldiers in the trenches but civilians as well.
Government Wage Total War
World War became a total war
A total war means that countries devote all their resources to the war.
In each country the wartime government took control of the economy
Battles in Africa and Asia
During this time governments told the factories what to produce and how much to produce.
In Africa and Asia, Germanys colonial possessions came under assault
A lot of the facilities were turned into munition factories
The Japanese overran German outposts in China and captured Germanys pacific island colonies
So many goods were inshort supply that governments turned to rationing
Using the rationing system people could buy only small quantities of items that were needed for war.
English and French troops attacked Germanys four African Possessions and seized control of three
Rationing had many things anywhere from butter to shoe leather
In other places in African and Asia, the British and French recruited subjects in their colonies for the struggle
Many leaders during the time feared that honest reporting of the war would start to turn many people against it.
Governmetns used propaganda to keep up morale and support for the war.
Propaganda is information or material spread to advance a cause or to damage an opponent's cause.
Many fought and died on the battlefield and others were working to the front line supplied
There were volunteers in the hope that service would lead to their independence
Women and the War
Total war was governments that turned to help from women and this never happened before.
Thousands of women were placed in factories, offices, and shops in place of men.
America Joins the Fight
Women built tanks and muinitons. plowed fields, paved streets, and hospitals.
The women also kept troops supplied with food, clothing, and weapons.
Women overall changed the views of many people, people started to see the capability of women.
The focus of the war was now towards the high seas
Germans intensifies the submarine warfare that had raged in the Atlantic Ocean
Germans announced that their submarine would sink without warning any ship in the waters
The submarines primary weapon against ships was the torpedo
This was called unrestricted submarine warfare
This was an underwater missile
Next there was a strong protest to Germany
May 7, 1915 a german submarine sank the British passenger ship Lusitania
Many people died and the American public was outraged.
Self-Interest
Germans then finally agreed to stop attacking neutral and passenger ships
How did Total War lead to rationing?
Total War lead to rationing because a lot of food and goods needed to be sent to war and they didn't have enough at the time so they had to limit how much people got so they had some to go to war.
Why did the wartime governments take control of their countries' economies ?
Wartime governments took control of their countries because they didn't need or want them to panic during this time. They did this by censoring news about the war and the rationing that was happening.
Germans wanted an advantage over the Allies
They returned to unrestricted submarine warfare
Germans pushed the United States closer to war . Germany should help Mexico "reconquer" the land it had lost to the united states if Mexico would ally itself with Germany
They also were aware that it might lead to war with the United sates
Their naval blockade would starve Britain into defeat before the US could mobilize
German U-Boats sank three American ships
The Zimmerman note
American population favored the Allies
Common ancestry and language and economic ties are strong with the Allies
The United states entered war on the side of the Allies
Why did the Allies want to establish a supply line to Russia? A: Russia needed the supplies so they established a supply line to Russia so that they could continue to fight.
How did the Zimmerman Note draw America into war? A: Mexico was now joining with Germany against the United States which brought American into war.
Concepts: Conflict is shown here because the Zimmerman note brought conflict between the America, Mexico, and Germany. Mexico was allied with Germany which brought America into WW1.
Concept: A big concept throughout this chapter is war. There is conflict between countries involving military actions starting from the assassination of the Austro Hungarian successor.
Concept: Self-interest is a concept in this chapter because each country made decisions that will benefit their country and their alliances.
What countries was Germany most afraid of?
What started world war one?
Change: Change happened during this time because in previous years and wars women worked in their house. Although during this time women were needed for a variety of different jobs.
Invention: Rationing was created to help keep supplies in stores for the war.
Russia after the change in leader pledged to keep fighting
Czar Nichols of Russia was forced stepped down
Because of food and fuel shrtages
A provisional government was established
By 1917 5.5 million Russian soldiers were either injured or killed
The Russian army refused to fight
In November 1917 a communist leader took over Russia
Russia came into a revolution
Vladimir ilyich Lenin took power
Lenin insisted and signed a treaty ending the war with Germany
The Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Who was Lenin? Who was Lenin
What effect did the Russian Revolution have on Russia’s role in World War I?
It took them completely out of the war. If you are having leader changes and having shortages of food and gas and a revolution you can’t be fighting a world war. The Russians were getting slaughtered so they wanted a change.
With Russia out Germany was able to send all troops to the west
In March 1918 Germans launched one final attack to try and take paris
German soldiers were exhausted and weak
In July 1918 the Allies launched a counter attack with 140,000 fresh american troops along with 350 tanks
This slowly pushed the German back
In March 1918 Germans launched one final attack to try and take paris
First the Bulgarians and Ottomans surrendered
How did the surrender of the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the revolution in Austria-Hungary lead to the end of World War I?
It led to the end because that was like the entire Central powers. Germany can’t fight 3 or 4 countries by themselves, they need help from other countries. Eventually they are just gonna run out of troops.
In october a revolution swept through Austria
In Germany people turned on Kaiser
On november 9th 1918 Kaiser wilhelm stepped down
Germany was starting to be defeated
Germany Started to turn on leader
Germany was now a republic
Germany and France signed an armistice to stop fighting
War ended November 11th 1918
How much did each family get and how did they determine it?
Whats the difference between a normal war and a total war?