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Vital signs - Coggle Diagram
Vital signs
When To Measure Vital Signs?
In a hospital on a routine schedule according
On the clients admission to a health care agency to obtain baseline data.
When assessing a patient during home care visits
When a patient’s general physical condition changes
Before & after administration of certain medications
Order or hospital standards during, and after a surgical
Before, during, and after nursing interventions influencing a vital sign
Before, during, and after a transfusion of blood products
When a patient reports nonspecific symptoms of physical distress
Before procedure or invasive diagnostic procedure
affect cardiovascular, respiratory, or temperature-control functions
Pulse sites
Temporal
Carotide
Apical
Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
dorsales pedis
Factor affecting body temperature
Age
Diurnal variations
Exercise
Hormones
Stress
Environment
Sites to Assess body temperature
Oral:
Rectal
Axillary
Tympanic membrane.
Skin
Temporal Artery
What are the Vital signs?
Temperature.
Pulse .
Respiration.
Blood pressures.
(Pulse-oximeter) oxygen saturation
Why they call them vital signs?
Because they are important
response to physical,
environmental, and
psychological stressors.
indicators of the body’s
Factor that influence vital signs
Age.
Sex.
Weight.
Exercise tolerance
And condition.
Guidelines for measuring vital signs
1) client measures his vital signs.
2) Equipment is functional & appropriate.
3) knows the normal range .
4) The nurse uses organized.
5) must be able to do all of all.
Types of thermometer
Mercury-in-glass.
Electronic thermometers.
Sensitive tape.
Tympanic.
Temporal artery thermometer
Alteration in body temperature:
Hyperpyrexia
Pyrexia
Normal range
Hypothermia
Abnormal Respiratory Rate
Tachypnea
Bradypnea
Apnea.
Dyspnea
Breathing Patterns
Rate
Tachypnea –quick , shallow breaths
Bradypnea- abnormally slow breathing
Apnea- cessation of breathing
Volume
Hyperventilation- over expansion of the lungs
Hypoventilation- under expansion of the lungs
Rhythm
From very deep to very shallow breathing &temporary apnea
Ease or effort:
Dyspnea – difficult & labored breathing
Orthopnea- ability to breathe only in upright sitting or standing position.
Vital signs
Normal blood pressure:
Hypotension
Hypertension:
Oxygen Saturation
Types of sphygmomanometer
1) Mercury
2) Aneroid
3) Electronic
Manometer cuff sizes
Small cuff for a child
Normal adult sized cuff
Large cuff called leg cuff.
Body Temperature
Heat production
Basal metabolism(BMR)
Muscular activity (shivering)
Thyroxin & epinephrine (stimulating effects on metabolic rate)
Temperature effect bon cell
Heat loss
Radiation
Conduction
Convection (by air currents)
Vaporization
Types of Body Temperature
1) Core body temperature
Surface body Temperature
Types of breathing
Costal (thoracic) breathing
Abdominal breathing By contrast
Factor affecting respiration
1) Factors increase RT:
Exercise
Stress
2) Factors decrease RT
Decreased environmental temperature
Certain medication
Increase intracranial pressure