Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ANIMAL TESTING, DISADVANTAGES, ADVANTAGES - Coggle Diagram
ANIMAL TESTING
Animals and human beings are biologically similar
For example: All mammals, including humans have common ancestors, and all have the same set of organs (heart, kidneys, lungs, etc.) many of the same conditions and illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
cosmetics and health care products must be tested on animals to ensure their safety.
Many countries wants to ensure the safety of cosmetic as well as drugs . For example,China requires that most cosmetics be tested on animals before they go on sale,
Animal researchers treat animals humanely to ensure reliable test results.
At Cedars-Sinai Medical Center’s animal research facility, dogs are given exercise breaks twice daily to socialize with their caretakers and other dogs, and a “toy rotation program” provides opportunities for play.
Development of life-saving cures and Medical treatments
example: treating conditions such as breast cancer, brain injury, childhood leukemia, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, tuberculosis, and more, and was instrumental in the development of pacemakers, cardiac valve substitutes, and anesthetics.
Drugs that pass animal tests are not necessarily safe.
Animal tests on the arthritis drug Vioxx showed that it had a protective effect on the hearts of mice, yet the drug went on to cause more than 27,000 heart attacks and sudden cardiac deaths before being pulled from the market
Humans are able to give consent to be used in
vaccine testing and are a viable option when the need arises.
In the COVID-19 global pandemic demonstrated that researchers can skip animal testing and go straight to observing how vaccines work in humans. Moreover technology can also develop vaccines without animal testing.
Animal tests do not reliably predict results in human beings.
According to neurologist Aysha Akhtar, MD, MPH, over 100 stroke drugs that were effective when tested on animals have failed in humans, and over 85 HIV vaccines failed in humans after working well in non-human primates.
Animals often make better research subjects than human beings because of their shorter life cycles.
For example:Mice and rats are particularly well-suited to long-term cancer research, partly because of their short lifespans.
Animal research is highly regulated, with laws in place to protect animals from mistreatment.
Most major research institutions’ programs are voluntarily reviewed for humane practices by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC).
Animal tests may mislead researchers into ignoring potential cures and treatments.
For example, Aspirin, is dangerous for some animal species. [105] Intravenous vitamin C has shown to be effective in treating sepsis in humans, but makes no difference to mice.
Animals themselves benefit from the results of animal testing
Vaccines tested on animals have saved plenty of animals otherwise have died from rabies, distemper, feline leukemia, infectious hepatitis virus, tetanus, anthrax, and canine parvo virus.
Animal testing is cruel and inhumane.
The US Department of Agriculture reported in Jan. 2020 that research facilities used over 300,000 animals in activities involving pain in just one year. [102]
Animals are very different from human beings and therefore make poor test subjects.
There are noticeable differences between human and animals like anatomic, metabolic, and cellular differences it make animals poor models for human beings,
Increasing demand for cruelty-free products.
To be specific ,37 countries have banned or restricted the sale of cosmetics with ingredients tested on animals, including nations in the European Union.
Most experiments involving animals are flawed, wasting the lives of the animal subjects.
In 2017 a study found further flaws in animal studies, including “incorrect data interpretation, unforeseen technical issues, incorrectly constituted (or absent) control groups, selective data reporting, inadequate or varying software systems, and blatant fraud.
Convenient way to ensure that vaccines are safe
In 2020 global pandemic need to test on genetically modified mice to ensure that the vaccine doesn’t make the virus worse. Testing a coronavirus vaccine on animals is absolutely essential that would be a great impact on medical field.
Necessary to testing on a living, whole-body system
Studying cell cultures in a petri dish.That evaluate a drug for side effects requires a circulatory system to carry the medicine to different organs.
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES