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Cognitive Development - Piaget, Cognitive Development - Vygotsky - Coggle…
Cognitive Development - Piaget
Piaget believed that the driving force behind cognitive development is our biological development (maturation)
As we get older we enter into new cognitive stages
Schemas are mental molds that we use to organize our world and they are formed from experiences
Assimilation
The process involves incorporating new experiences into our current understanding (schema)
The process of adjusting is accommodation
Piaget stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
Birth to nearly 2 years
Experiencing the world thorugh senses (looking, touching)
Preoperational
2 to about 6 or 7 years
Representing things with words and images (using intuitive rather than logical reasoning)
Concrete Operational
About 7 to 11 years
Thinking logically about concrete events, performing arithmetic operations
Formal Operational
about 12 through adulthood
Abstract reasoning
Piaget's theory has been influential globally, validating a number of ideas regarding growth in many cultures and societies
However, today's researchers believe that
Development is a continuous process
Children express their mental abilities and operations at en earlier age.
Formal logic is smaller part of cognition
Cognitive Development - Vygotsky
Different than Piaget's image of the individual constructing understanding alone
Everything is social
Cognitive development depending more on interactions with people and tools in child's world
Tools
Pen, paper, computer
Language, marhs systems, signs
Explained learning through Guided Participation
Things are thought rather than discovered
A way to share the thinking load
Helping a novice accomplish a complex task
Assistance can be physical or mental
Examples of Guided Participation - a mother sitting with her toddler singing
VYgotsky developed a theory of Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
The distance between where a learner is at developmentally on tehri own and where is a learner could be with the help of more knowledgeable other
Knowledgeable can be an adult or a peer, helping to scaffold learning (process of internalization)
Vygotsky and Schools
Emphasized social learning - we can often complete harder tasks with someone
Zone of Proximal Development - the teacher considers how much scaffolding to give a student to help them learn
A push for authentic learning
Motivation and Vygotsky
Emphasizes how people's identities are formed by their participation in group
Students can be motivated to learn by participating in communities where learning is valued