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Enzyme Action - Coggle Diagram
Enzyme Action
Enzymes
Enzymes are globular proteins that act as catalysts. Catalysts alter the rate of chemical reaction without undergoing permanent changes themselves. They can be reused repeatedly and are therefore effective in small amounts.
Enzymes do not make reactions happen; they speed up reactions that are already occur, sometimes by a factor of many millions.
If enzymes are exposed to extremes of pH or high temperatures, the shape of their active site may change.
If this happens, then the substrate will no longer fit into the enzymes. This means the key will no longer fit the lock. This means that the enzyme has been denatured.
Lock and Key Theory
The active site is a small cleft, which has a precise shape, is maintained by the 3° structure.
The active site and substrate are complementary - the substrate fits exactly in the active site before the reaction.
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Intracellular Enzymes
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With the correct molecules needed to collide and sufficient energy, a chemical reaction can occur.
Induced Fit Model
Before the reaction, the active site is not complementary and does not fir into the substrate, The substrate is specific to the active site.
As the enzyme-substrate complex forms, the active site changes shape. It moulds around the substrate.
This puts bonds in the substrate under stress. The bonds bend which lead to the reaction. It allows the bonds to break in the substrate and reforms as the products rather than staying under stress
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