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LO1- Understanding computer hardware - Coggle Diagram
LO1- Understanding computer hardware
1.1 Computer hardware
output devices-
monitor: + this is what allows the see to see the visuals from the computer. - looking at a screen can damage eyesight.
printer: + they allow documents and images to be converted into a hard copy. - expensive to replace ink cartridges and inkjet printers take longer to print than a lazer one.
speaker: +they provide the user with audio output and everyone can hear the audio. - The output from speakers can disturb others who are trying to work and high quality external speakers can be expensive.
communications devices-
routers; +this networking device provides interconnection between two dissimilar networks and it reduces network traffic by creating collision domains and also by creating broadcast domains. - They operate based on network protocols ad they are expensive compare to other network devices.
hubs: + allow clients to connect to a network so that they can share and have conversations and have less number of performance impacts on the network.- hubs generate high amount of network traffic and increases more chances of collision in between domains.
switches: + they reduce the workload on individual computers and increase network performance. - Network connectivity problems can be difficult to trace through a them.
input devices-
microphone: + they record instructions from the user, also useful for communication with commuter. - sound files require large memory for storage and voice recognition software is not accurate as manual typing.
mouse: + allows user to communicate with computer by using a cursor. - they need a flat space near the computer.
keyboard: + allows for a range of letters, numbers and characters to be inputted onto the screen. - It is easy to make mistakes when typing in data and takes longer than using amicrophone.
1.6 Hardware troubleshooting
troubleshooting tools
Ping test- is used to test whether a particular host is reachable across an IP network, it measures the time it takes for packets to be sent from the local host to a destination computer and back and measures and records the round-trip time of the packet and any losses along the way.
documentation/fault management
identifying hardware faults
Beep code on an Optiplex Machine
1-3-1= Memory problem
3-3-4= Video Memory Test failure
4-2-2= Shutdown failure
1-1-2= Microprocessor register failure
1.8 Number systems
Decimal - humans work with. The decimal number system consists of ten single- digit numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9
Binary - computer works with. It is represented by a 0 or a 1. Binary numbers are made up of binary digits (bits), eg the binary number 1001.
Hexadecimal - which is used to express groups of binary digits. A hex digit can be any of the following 16 digits: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F. Each hex digit reflects a 4-bit binary sequence.
1.7 Units of measurement
metric
giga
tera
peta
mega
kilo
binary
gibi
tebi
mebi
pebi
kibi
Bit- one single digit 1 or 0
Byte- 8 bits together 11100101 (can represent a number up to 255)
Nibble- 4 bits 1110 (can represent a decimal number up to 15)
1.9 Number conversion
HEX to deciaml
Binary to decimal
decimal to binary
1.3 Types of computer system
tablet/hybrid- is a mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system and touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat package
desktop/server- is a personal computer designed for regular use at a single location on or near a desk or table due to its size and power requirements'--
smartphone- a mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, internet access, and an operating system capable of running downloaded apps.
embedded system/Internet of Things- A network of objects that can have RFID (radio frequency identification) chips embedded in them and embedded computer systems are everywhere, for example, cars have computers which monitor emissions and adjust the engine settings as required and check for problems an alert the driver
mainframe- are high-performance computers with large amounts of memory and processors that process billions of simple calculations and transactions in real time. The mainframe is critical to commercial databases, transaction servers, and applications that require high resiliency, security, and agility.
1.2 Computer components
motherboards- is a printed circuit board that holds a variety of components to communicate, and that provides different connectors for components such as the processor, graphics processing unit, memory, and storage.
storage- storage is the component within your computer that allows you to store and access data on a long-term basis.
hard drive- is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage, some are inside the computer and come can be removed.
Cloud- the digital data is stored in logical pools, the physical storage spans multiple servers, and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by a hosting company.
portable- is a small hard drive designed to hold any kind of digital data
SCSI- is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data between computers and peripheral devices
SAS- is a point-to-point serial protocol that moves data to and from computer-storage devices such as hard disk drives
removable- this is designed to be inserted and removed from a system such as a usb
internal- this refers to a computer's internal hard drive
flash- is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
solid state- is a type of non-volatile computer storage that stores and retrieves digital information using only electronic circuits, without any involvement of moving mechanical parts
processors- performs the calculations and algorithms that run the computer. A processor is made up of hardware that works together to deliver information, allowing your computer to complete the tasks that you request when you open an application or make changes to a file.
ports
memory
1.4 Connectivity methods,
fibre- Fibre optic cabling is made from glass that becomes very flexible when it is thin. Light is passed through the cable using a transmitter. Light travels quickly through the light-reflecting internal wall of the cable. The transmitter in the router sends light pulses representing binary code. When the data is received, it is decoded back to its binary form and the computer displays the message.
wireless technologies
wifi- allows devices to connect at high speed to the internet without the need for a physical wired connection.
microwave- is a communications system that uses a beam of radio waves in the microwave frequency range to transmit video, audio, or data between two locations, which can be from just a few feet or meters to several miles or kilometres apart.
Bluetooth- is used for exchanging data between fixed and mobile devices over short distances using UHF radio waves, and ranges around 10 meters.
laser- this method uses high power laser beams to transmit light signals. Laser communication is used for sending large quantities of data using a light beam to devices in line of sight.
infrared- R wireless is the use of wireless technology in devices or systems that convey data through infrared radiation.
Satellite- is an artificial satellite that relays and amplifies radio telecommunications signals via a transponder; it creates a communication channel between a source transmitter and a receiver at different locations on Earth.
copper- Copper cable uses electrical signals to pass data between networks.
Coaxial degenerates over long distances.
Unshielded twisted pair is made by twisting the copper cables around each other and this reduces degeneration.
Shielded twisted pair uses copper shielding around the twisted wires to make them less susceptible to interference.
1.5 Communications hardware
switch- this connects other devices together as multiple data cables are plugged into a switch to enable communication between different networked devices and they also operate at higher layers of the OSI model, including the network layer
router- is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet.
modem- is a hardware device that converts data from a digital format, intended for communication directly between devices with specialised wiring, into one suitable for a transmission medium such as telephone lines or radio
hub- is a physical layer networking device which is used to connect multiple devices in a network. They are generally used to connect computers in a LAN. when the hub receives a packet of data at one of its ports from a network device, it transmits the packet to all of its ports to all of the other network devices.
wireless access point- An access point is a device that creates a wireless local area network usually in an office or large building. An access point connects to a wired router, switch, or hub via an Ethernet cable, and projects a Wi-Fi signal to a designated area.
combined/hybrid devices- this refers to the combination of two or more communications standards that work together to form one network design. For example, the combination of wireless networking with wired networking which together deliver a single overall solution.
