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Space Weather - Coggle Diagram
Space Weather
Structure of the Sun
Chromosphere
- sphere of color
- 3000 to 5000 kilometers deep
- rosy red color only apparent during total eclipses(normally invisible)
Solar flares
- strong and spectacular explosions of gases
- attain maximum brightness within a few seconds or minutes
- light from solar flares takes 8 minutes to reach Earth while the charged gas particles take tens of minutes
Prominence
- huge loop or arched column of glowing gases over the sunspot
- Prominences that are very strong can throw out matter from the Sun into space at speeds ranging from 600km/s to more than 1000km/s
- The prominence plasma is typically a hundred times more luminous and denser than the coronal plasma
Corona
- aura of plasma that surrounds the sun
- easily seen during atotal solar eclipse
- temperature excess 1,000,000 kelvin
- much hotter than the surface of the Sun
Coronal Mass Ejections
- release of plasma and accompanying
magnetic field from the solar corona
- magnetized plasma consisting primarily of electrons and protons
- often follow solar flares and are normally present during a solar prominence eruption
Photosphere
granules
- cells of plasma
- hot rising plasma in the center, cooler plasma falling in the narrow spaces between them
- 1000 kilometers in diameter
- lifespan- 8 to 20 minutes
- super granules - 24 hours
sunspot 
- regions of reduced surface temperature caused by concentrations of magnetic field flux that inhibit convection
- appear in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity
- appear dark because their temperature lower than surrounding granules
- activities varies approximately 11 year (solar cycle)
- sun's outer shell to emit light
- 100 kilometers thick
- temperature 5780K
Radiation zone
- energy transported by radiation and conduction
- energy travels in the form of electromagnetic radiation as photons
Convection zone
- mass movement of plasma in forms of circular convection current
- heated plasma ascending and the cooled plasma descending
- energy transported by convection
Core
- 0.2 to 0.25 of solar radius
- hottest part of the Sun (15 million kelvins)
-
Earth magnetosphere
- combination of earth's magnetic field and the magnetic field in outer space.
- protect Earth from the adverse effects caused by dangerous particles from the Sun or other bodies in the Universe.
Solar wind
- speed of supersonic (250kms-750kms)
-plasma mostly consists of electrons ,protons and alpha particles .
- a stream of charged particles release from corona